Immune & Thymic

EDP, Glu-Asp-Pro, glutamyl-aspartyl-proline, L-Glutamyl-L-aspartyl-L-proline, Cytogen (immune), Crystagen (trade name)

A synthetic short-peptide "bioregulator" from the Khavinson (St. Petersburg) school, marketed as an immune/thymic "Cytogen." Most primary sources identify it as the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Pro (EDP), though some vendor pages list conflicting, unverified sequences. Its evidence base is older, largely Russian, and mostly preclinical, with only small, weakly-controlled human immunogram reports. Not approved for human use.

Cathelicidin, hCAP-18 C-terminal peptide, CAMP, LL37

The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, a 37-residue fragment released from the precursor protein hCAP-18. It is an endogenous component of innate immunity with direct antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, chemotactic, angiogenic, and wound-healing activities, but it has strikingly double-edged biology, it is also implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and has context-dependent roles in cancer. It is not an approved drug; the only controlled human data come from small topical wound-healing trials, with no systemic dosing established.

Thymus extract, Thymic peptide preparation, Thymalinum

A polypeptide complex isolated from calf (bovine) thymus by mild acid extraction, developed in the Soviet Union and Russia and associated with Vladimir Khavinson's peptide-bioregulator school. Registered in Russia as an immunomodulator ("immunocorrector") and studied in immune dysfunction, infections, sepsis, and longevity. It is a mixture rather than a single peptide, is not FDA- or EMA-approved, and most of its clinical evidence comes from a single research group with limited independent replication.

Glutamyl-tryptophan, Glu-Trp, L-Glu-L-Trp, Oglufanide, Oglufanide sodium, Thymagen, H-Glu-Trp-OH, EW

Thymogen is the monosodium salt of the synthetic dipeptide L-alpha-glutamyl-L-tryptophan (Glu-Trp; free acid = oglufanide, CAS 38101-59-6, C16H19N3O5, MW 333.34, PubChem CID 100094). Developed in the Soviet Union/Russia as a short-peptide immunomodulator related to the thymic extract Thymalin, it is a registered pharmaceutical in Russia but is not approved by the FDA or EMA. In the West the same molecule (oglufanide) held US IND status and received FDA Orphan Drug designation for ovarian cancer (Sept 2001) and was studied for cancer and chronic hepatitis C, but no marketing approval resulted. The evidence picture is genuinely mixed — a Russian registration and older/preclinical mechanism papers on one side, no completed Western approval and mostly animal/in-vitro data on the other.

Tα1, Thymalfasin, Zadaxin

A synthetic 28-amino-acid peptide identical to a fragment of prothymosin alpha, originally isolated from thymus tissue, that acts as an immunomodulator by promoting T-cell maturation, modulating dendritic cells, and signaling through Toll-like receptors. Marketed as Zadaxin (thymalfasin), it is approved in roughly 30 to 35 countries for chronic hepatitis B and as an immune adjunct in cancer and infection, but it is not approved by the U.S. FDA or the European Medicines Agency. Evidence quality varies widely by indication.

Lys-Glu, KE dipeptide, L-Lysyl-L-Glutamic acid, Lysylglutamic acid, Peptide Vilon, Normophthal, AB-17, H-Lys-Glu-OH

A synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu, the "KE dipeptide") from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, framed as an immunomodulator and geroprotector. Evidence is limited and mostly preclinical (mouse and cell-culture), from a single research lineage with no independent Western replication. Not approved for human use.