Metabolic & Weight Loss

5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, 5-amino-1MQ, 5A1MQ, NNMTi (informal), 5-amino-1-methylquinolin-1-ium

5-Amino-1MQ is a synthetic small-molecule (quinolinium salt) inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) — it is NOT a peptide, despite being marketed and discussed alongside peptides in the research-chemical community. It is studied only in cell culture and mice as a candidate for obesity and metabolic disease, where NNMT inhibition reduced body weight and fat mass in diet-induced obese mice without changing food intake. It is not an approved medicine anywhere, and there are no published human clinical trials, no human pharmacokinetic data, and no placebo-controlled efficacy studies.

Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, hGH fragment 176-191 analog, AOD9604

A synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide based on the C-terminal "lipolytic" region of human growth hormone (residues 176-191) with an added tyrosine, developed as an anti-obesity drug. It was claimed to stimulate fat metabolism without affecting blood sugar or IGF-1, but its human obesity trials did not show significant weight loss versus placebo and drug development was discontinued in 2007. It is not an approved drug.

AM833, cagrilintide, NN9838, NNC0174-0833

An investigational long-acting amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk for weight management, studied alone and especially in combination with semaglutide as CagriSema. Not approved by any regulator.

GW-501516, GW1516, GW-1516, GSK-516, Endurobol, Cardarine, GW501516

A synthetic, orally active small-molecule selective PPARδ (PPARβ/δ) agonist — not a peptide — developed in the 1990s as a candidate for dyslipidemia and popularized as an "exercise mimetic." Development was abandoned by GlaxoSmithKline around 2007 after long-term rodent studies showed it promoted tumors across multiple tissues. Not approved for human use by any regulator anywhere.

Victoza (brand), Saxenda (brand), NN2211, Liraglutide (rDNA origin)

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA and EMA. Marketed as Victoza for type 2 diabetes (and cardiovascular risk reduction) and as Saxenda for chronic weight management, it is an older, shorter-acting GLP-1 drug with a smaller weight-loss effect than the longer-acting semaglutide and tirzepatide.

IBI362, IBI-362, LY3305677, LY-3305677, OXM-3

A once-weekly subcutaneous dual GLP-1 / glucagon receptor agonist (an oxyntomodulin analog) in-licensed from Eli Lilly and developed by Innovent Biologics. Approved in China (NMPA) for chronic weight management and for type 2 diabetes; not approved by the FDA or EMA.

KEDW, KEDW-NH2 (amidated form), Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp, Pancragene (alt. transliteration), Pancreas peptide bioregulator

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp / KEDW) from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed as a pancreas-targeting bioregulator for glucose/insulin metabolism and aging. The evidence base is small, older, mostly Russian, and overwhelmingly preclinical (diabetic rats, aged monkeys, cell cultures), with a single small unreplicated human study. Not approved for human use.

LY3437943, Triple-G agonist, Triple-hormone-receptor agonist

An investigational once-weekly triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors developed by Eli Lilly and studied for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Not approved by any regulator.

Ozempic (brand, type 2 diabetes), Wegovy (brand, weight management / MASH), Rybelsus (brand, oral, type 2 diabetes), NN9535, Semaglutide

A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and FDA/EMA-approved prescription medicine (brands Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) used for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, with proven cardiovascular benefit and a class profile of gastrointestinal side effects and a rodent thyroid C-cell tumor boxed warning.

Mounjaro (brand), Zepbound (brand), LY3298176, GIP/GLP-1 dual agonist

A once-weekly dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. It is an FDA- and EMA-approved prescription medicine, marketed as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and Zepbound for chronic weight management and obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity.