Metabolic & Weight Loss

5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, 5-amino-1MQ, 5A1MQ, NNMTi (informal), 5-amino-1-methylquinolin-1-ium

5-Amino-1MQ is a synthetic small-molecule (quinolinium salt) inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) — it is NOT a peptide, despite being marketed and discussed alongside peptides in the research-chemical community. It is studied only in cell culture and mice as a candidate for obesity and metabolic disease, where NNMT inhibition reduced body weight and fat mass in diet-induced obese mice without changing food intake. It is not an approved medicine anywhere, and there are no published human clinical trials, no human pharmacokinetic data, and no placebo-controlled efficacy studies.

Prohibitin-TP01, Prohibitin targeting peptide 1, FTPP (vendor alias), CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2

Adipotide is an academic peptidomimetic from M.D. Anderson that targets a mitochondria-disrupting D-peptide to blood vessels in white fat via prohibitin. Fat-loss data come only from animals (mice, rats and non-human primates), where dose-dependent kidney tubule toxicity was also described. The only human study (NCT01262664) was terminated after 4 participants without published results; the reason is not public. Development was discontinued in 2019, and it is not approved anywhere.

Acadesine, AICA-riboside, AICAr, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside, AICA ribonucleoside, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside

AICAR (acadesine) is an AMPK activator — a cell-permeable nucleoside/adenosine analog, not a peptide and not a SARM, with zero androgen-receptor activity. Its fame rests on a single rodent result — a ~44% endurance gain in sedentary mice (Narkar 2008) — that got it WADA-banned in 2009, while human efficacy for endurance or body composition remains unestablished. It is not an approved medicine for physique or performance: the clinical program ("acadesine") was terminated for futility in cardiac surgery and never reached approval.

Modified GLP-1 Analog

Altglutide is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

LAT8881, LAT-8881, Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, Tyr-hGH(177-191)

AOD-9604 is the synthetic Y-start analog [F176Y]hGH(176-191), later developed as LAT8881. Its pivotal obesity trial did not show significant weight loss versus placebo, and that program ended in 2007. Three later registered pain studies also did not report a statistically significant primary efficacy result.

AM833, NN9838, NNC0174-0833

Cagrilintide is an investigational, long-acting amylin analogue studied alone and as the amylin component of CagriSema. No single-agent FDA or EU approval was identified as of 20 August 2026.

Cagrilintide + semaglutide

CagriSema is an investigational fixed-dose combination of the long-acting amylin analogue cagrilintide and the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide. A US weight-management application is under FDA review; the combination is not approved as of 3 August 2026.

GW-501516, GW1516, GW-1516, GSK-516, Endurobol, Cardarine, GW501516

A synthetic, orally active small-molecule selective PPARδ (PPARβ/δ) agonist — not a peptide — developed in the 1990s as a candidate for dyslipidemia and popularized as an "exercise mimetic." Development was abandoned by GlaxoSmithKline around 2007 after long-term rodent studies showed it promoted tumors across multiple tissues. Not approved for human use by any regulator anywhere.

MEDI0382, MEDI-0382

Cotadutide (MEDI0382) is AstraZeneca's discontinued dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist with published phase 2 human data in type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, and exploratory NASH biomarkers. Development stopped in 2023 for strategic pipeline reasons, not a newly observed safety signal. It is not approved and is not an active late-stage programme.

PF-06882961

An oral, synthetic small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist—not a peptide—that produced glucose and weight reductions in phase 1–2 trials. Pfizer discontinued development in April 2025 after reviewing the full programme and a potential drug-induced liver injury in one asymptomatic participant.

Zegalogue

Dasiglucagon is a synthetic glucagon analogue — a separate molecule from glucagon, with its own INN and several amino-acid substitutions that make it stable in solution. It is authorised in the EU as Zegalogue (central authorisation 2024; marketing authorisation transferred to Zealand Pharma in January 2026). In the US it was approved in 2021, but the FDA Orange Book now lists all presentations as discontinued. In a phase 3 trial in adults with type 1 diabetes, median time to blood-glucose recovery after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was 10 minutes with dasiglucagon versus 40 minutes with placebo.

Trulicity, LY2189265

Dulaglutide (Trulicity) is an FDA- and EMA-approved once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist (IgG4 Fc fusion protein, ~63 kDa) for type 2 diabetes glycemic control and reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and established CVD or multiple CV risk factors. It is not a separate chronic weight-management brand like Wegovy.

XW003, cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist (Sciwind)

Ecnoglutide (XW003) is Sciwind's once-weekly cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist. Peer-reviewed phase 3 trials in China support type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity programmes. It is approved by China's NMPA for adult T2D (about January 2026) and chronic weight management (about March 2026). It is not FDA- or EMA-approved.

HM11260C, SAR439977, LAPS-Exendin, Langlenatide

Efpeglenatide is an investigational, long-acting exendin-based GLP-1 receptor agonist conjugated to a human IgG4 Fc dimer through a polyethylene-glycol-derived linker. Randomized trials report glycaemic, weight, cardiovascular and composite kidney outcomes, but the product has no FDA or centrally authorised EU approval identified in the current public datasets.

LY3841136, AT53786, EX-A9589

Eloralintide (LY3841136) is Eli Lilly's investigational long-acting, selective amylin receptor agonist studied for overweight and obesity. Peer-reviewed phase 1 and phase 2 human data are published; phase 3 is recruiting. It is not an approved medicine.

CT-388, CT388, RO7795068, RG6640

Enicepatide (CT-388 / RO7795068 / RG6640) is Roche/Genentech's investigational once-weekly dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, discovered at Carmot Therapeutics. Peer-reviewed phase 1 data are published; phase 2 obesity topline and phase 3 Enith programmes are active. It is not an approved medicine.

Byetta, Bydureon, Bydureon BCise, synthetic exendin-4, exendin-4

Exenatide is the first FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist (Byetta twice daily, 2005; Bydureon once weekly, 2012) — a synthetic exendin-4 peptide for type 2 diabetes glycemic control, also authorised in the EU. The EXSCEL CVOT showed MACE noninferiority versus placebo but not superiority (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–1.00).

Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide

GIP (Native) is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (7-36)

GLP-1 (Native) is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Glucagon (rDNA), Baqsimi, Gvoke, Ogluo, GlucaGen, Glucagon Emergency Kit

Glucagon is the body's own 29-amino-acid pancreatic peptide hormone and an approved medicine since 1960 (US). It is used to treat severe hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes and, in some products, as a diagnostic aid that temporarily slows the gut during radiological examinations. Nasal powder (Baqsimi) and ready-to-use liquid (Gvoke/Ogluo) forms were non-inferior to classic reconstituted glucagon in randomised trials. Dasiglucagon is a separate molecule, not another name for glucagon.

GW0742, GW610742, GW610742X

A synthetic, highly selective small-molecule PPARδ (PPARβ/δ) agonist and a close structural analog of cardarine (GW-501516), differing by a single extra fluorine atom — not a peptide and not a SARM. It exists only as a laboratory research-tool compound: never tested in humans, with no human safety data and no approval for human use anywhere. Not approved by any regulator; preclinical (animal/in-vitro) only.

Somatotropin (176-191), Native human growth hormone fragment 176-191

hGH Fragment 176-191 is the native C-terminal 16-amino-acid sequence of mature human growth hormone. Direct evidence located for the native fragment is limited to animal and laboratory research; no human efficacy, pharmacokinetic or safety program was identified. It is not the same molecule as AOD-9604.

L-carnitine, Carnitor

Levocarnitine is an endogenous carrier molecule and an approved US prescription medicine for specific secondary carnitine deficiencies and dialysis-associated deficiency.

Victoza (brand), Saxenda (brand), NN2211, Liraglutide (rDNA origin)

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA and EMA. Marketed as Victoza for type 2 diabetes (and cardiovascular risk reduction) and as Saxenda for chronic weight management, it is an older, shorter-acting GLP-1 drug with a smaller weight-loss effect than the longer-acting semaglutide and tirzepatide.

Adlyxin, Lyxumia, AVE0010, ZP10

Lixisenatide is a short-acting (mealtime) GLP-1 receptor agonist — a 44-amino-acid peptide derived from exendin-4 — approved for type 2 diabetes in the EU (2013, Lyxumia) and the US (2016, Adlyxin). The stand-alone products have since been discontinued for commercial reasons: in the US from 1 January 2023 and in the EU, where the Lyxumia authorisation was withdrawn on 18 December 2025. Lixisenatide remains available only in fixed combination with insulin glargine (Soliqua in the US, Suliqua in the EU). ELIXA showed cardiovascular safety (non-inferiority), not benefit.

Maridebart cafraglutide, AMG 133

MariTide (maridebart cafraglutide) is an investigational long-acting antibody-peptide conjugate that combines GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism. It is in phase 3 development, with no FDA or EU marketing approval identified as of 20 August 2026.

IBI362, IBI-362, LY3305677, LY-3305677, OXM-3

A once-weekly subcutaneous dual GLP-1 / glucagon receptor agonist (an oxyntomodulin analog) in-licensed from Eli Lilly and developed by Innovent Biologics. Approved in China (NMPA) for chronic weight management and for type 2 diabetes; not approved by the FDA or EMA.

LY3502970, LY-3502970, OWL833, Foundayo

Orforglipron is an oral non-peptide small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist. FDA approved the calcium-salt product Foundayo in April 2026 for long-term weight management in specified adults; the reviewed US label does not include a type 2 diabetes indication, and no EU central authorisation was found.

KEDW, KEDW-NH2 (amidated form), Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp, Pancragene (alt. transliteration), Pancreas peptide bioregulator

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp / KEDW) from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed as a pancreas-targeting bioregulator for glucose/insulin metabolism and aging. The evidence base is small, older, mostly Russian, and overwhelmingly preclinical (diabetic rats, aged monkeys, cell cultures), with a single small unreplicated human study. Not approved for human use.

ALT-801 (Altimmune development code), MD-1373, SP-1373

Pemvidutide is an investigational 29-residue, lipid-modified peptide that agonizes both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Randomized human studies report liver-fat and MASH-resolution effects, but the 24-week IMPACT trial did not meet its co-primary fibrosis-improvement endpoint.

ZP8396, ZP-8396, RO7895515, GTPL13804, EX-A12430

Petrelintide is an investigational long-acting amylin analogue developed by Zealand Pharma (code ZP8396) and advanced with Roche (RO7895515). Peer-reviewed phase 1 data are published; phase 2 ZUPREME-1 has company topline results; phase 3 is recruiting. It is not approved.

Symlin, SymlinPen, Pramlintide acetate

Pramlintide (Symlin/SymlinPen) is the only FDA-approved amylin analogue (2005) — a short-acting preprandial subcutaneous adjunct to mealtime insulin in selected adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There is no EMA central marketing authorisation. It is the approved legacy anchor for the newer long-acting amylin-pathway pipeline (cagrilintide, eloralintide, petrelintide, zenagamtide).

LY3437943, Triple-G agonist, Triple-hormone-receptor agonist

An investigational once-weekly triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors developed by Eli Lilly and studied for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Not approved by any regulator.

Ozempic (brand, type 2 diabetes), Wegovy (brand, weight management / MASH), Rybelsus (brand, oral, type 2 diabetes), NN9535, Semaglutide

A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and FDA/EMA-approved prescription medicine (brands Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) used for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, with proven cardiovascular benefit and a class profile of gastrointestinal side effects and a rodent thyroid C-cell tumor boxed warning.

Imcivree, RM-493, BIM-22493, IRC-022493

Setmelanotide (Imcivree) is an FDA- and EMA-approved once-daily subcutaneous MC4R agonist for rare melanocortin-pathway obesity (POMC/PCSK1/LEPR deficiency, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, and acquired hypothalamic obesity). It is not indicated for general or polygenic obesity and is not the same as Melanotan II or PT-141.

Rev-ErbA agonist SR9011, REV-ERB agonist SR9011, SR-9011

A synthetic agonist of the Rev-ErbA (REV-ERBα/β) circadian-clock and metabolic nuclear receptors — NOT a SARM and NOT a peptide — and the N-pentyl sister compound of SR9009 (stenabolic) from the same 2012 Scripps discovery program. Its "fat-loss/endurance" reputation rests entirely on rodent and cell studies, it has poor drug-like properties and documented off-target effects, and there are no human trials. Not approved for human use by any regulator; sold only as a research chemical.

SR9009, SR-9009, Stenabolic

A synthetic agonist of the Rev-ErbA (REV-ERBα/β) heme-binding circadian nuclear receptors — NOT a SARM and NOT a peptide — created in an academic lab (Scripps) as a tool compound to probe circadian and metabolic biology. Its "exercise in a bottle" reputation rests on a single 2012 mouse study using injections, and is undercut by essentially no oral bioavailability and documented off-target effects. Not approved for human use by any regulator; sold only as a research chemical.

BI 456906, BI-456906

Survodutide is an investigational, lipid-modified 29-residue peptide that agonizes the glucagon and GLP-1 receptors. Phase 3 trials report weight and MRI-measured liver-fat effects, while biopsy evidence supports MASH improvement without establishing fibrosis reversal.

NS2330, NS 2330

Tesofensine (NS2330) is a small-molecule phenyltropane — NOT a peptide — that blocks the reuptake of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin. It failed as a Parkinson's and Alzheimer's drug and was then studied for obesity. Human weight-loss data come mainly from one phase 2 trial whose publication carries an expression of concern, plus a small trial of the tesofensine–metoprolol combination (Tesomet). It is not approved anywhere: as of August 2026 the sponsor reports that the Mexican application is still under review.

Mounjaro (brand), Zepbound (brand), LY3298176, GIP/GLP-1 dual agonist

A once-weekly dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. It is an FDA- and EMA-approved prescription medicine, marketed as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and Zepbound for chronic weight management and obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity.

UBT251 (Triple Agonist)

UBT251 is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Viking VK2735, Viking dual GLP-1/GIP agonist

VK2735 is Viking Therapeutics' investigational unimolecular GLP-1/GIP dual agonist peptide, developed in subcutaneous (once-weekly) and oral formulations. Peer-reviewed phase 2 subcutaneous VENTURE data are published; oral phase 2 and phase 3 VANQUISH programmes are pipeline/topline. It is not approved and has no PubChem CID.

Amycretin, NNC0487-0111, NN9487, NN 9487

Zenagamtide is the INN for Novo Nordisk's investigational unimolecular agonist of GLP-1, amylin, and calcitonin receptors — formerly called amycretin (NNC0487-0111). Peer-reviewed Lancet obesity proof-of-concept and phase 2 type 2 diabetes data (oral and subcutaneous) are published; large AMAZE/AMBITION phase 3 programmes are recruiting. Not approved; no PubChem CID.