All peptides

5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, 5-amino-1MQ, 5A1MQ, NNMTi (informal), 5-amino-1-methylquinolin-1-ium

5-Amino-1MQ is a synthetic small-molecule (quinolinium salt) inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) — it is NOT a peptide, despite being marketed and discussed alongside peptides in the research-chemical community. It is studied only in cell culture and mice as a candidate for obesity and metabolic disease, where NNMT inhibition reduced body weight and fat mass in diet-induced obese mice without changing food intake. It is not an approved medicine anywhere, and there are no published human clinical trials, no human pharmacokinetic data, and no placebo-controlled efficacy studies.

9-ME-BC is 9-methyl-beta-carboline, a small-molecule beta-carboline rather than a peptide.

Angiotensin (1-7) Peptide

A7 (Angiotensin 1-7) is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Tymlos (brand, US), Eladynos (brand, EU/GB), BA058, BIM-44058, PTHrP(1-34) analog

A synthetic 34-amino-acid analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP 1-34) and an approved osteoanabolic (bone-forming) medicine for osteoporosis, marketed as Tymlos (US) and Eladynos (EU/UK). Approved medicine — the approval applies to the specific licensed products, not to research-grade material.

Plenaxis

Abarelix is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

AC-262,536, AC-262, AC262536, AC 262536

AC-262536 is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) that acts as a partial agonist at the androgen receptor. It is not a peptide and is not an approved medicine anywhere — it exists only as a preclinical research chemical, characterized in a single published animal/in-vitro study (PMID 18164613, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008) from ACADIA Pharmaceuticals. In castrated rats it produced roughly 66% of testosterone's anabolic (levator ani) effect at only ~27% of its prostate (androgenic) effect, reduced plasma LH, and inhibited DHT-driven proliferation of LNCaP prostate-cancer cells in vitro. There is no human efficacy or safety data of any kind, and it is prohibited in sport by WADA (S1.2). It is not an approved medicine and has never entered published human trials.

Ramatercept (reported name), ActRIIB-IgG1, ActRIIB-Fc, Activin Receptor Type IIB Fusion Protein

ACE-031 is an Fc fusion protein — NOT a peptide — made of the soluble extracellular domain of the human activin receptor type IIB fused to the Fc part of human IgG1. It acts as a ligand trap for myostatin, activins and related TGF-β ligands. It increased lean mass in small human trials, but the Duchenne muscular dystrophy trial was stopped in 2011 for nosebleeds and telangiectasias and the programme was discontinued in 2013. Never approved; prohibited in sport by name under WADA S4.3.

MK777, MK-777, Acetamoren, N-Acetyl Ibutamorelin

Acetamoren (MK777) is N-acetylated ibutamoren with older patent-reported receptor activity. Human effects, dosing and advantages over MK677 remain unresolved.

2-chloro-4-[(1R,5S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-3-methylbenzonitrile, 2-chloro-4-[(3-endo)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-3-methylbenzonitrile, CAS 1048998-11-3 (alternate registry number in the 2025 forensic-tox literature; 899821-23-9 is the widely-documented primary)

ACP-105 is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) — a true SARM, not a peptide — discovered by ACADIA Pharmaceuticals and nominated as a development candidate around 2006. It is a potent partial agonist of the androgen receptor that was anabolic on muscle and bone with relative prostate-sparing in rodents, and was also explored around cognition in mice. Its evidence base is preclinical only: no human trials, no IND, and no ClinicalTrials.gov records. It is not an approved medicine anywhere, and it is prohibited in sport by WADA (class S1.2).

Adamax peptide

Adamax is an unresolved marketplace name for a claimed Semax-related analogue. No official sequence, CID, or dose is established.

Acetyl Hexapeptide-38

Adifyline is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Prohibitin-TP01, Prohibitin targeting peptide 1, FTPP (vendor alias), CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2

Adipotide is an academic peptidomimetic from M.D. Anderson that targets a mitochondria-disrupting D-peptide to blood vessels in white fat via prohibitin. Fat-loss data come only from animals (mice, rats and non-human primates), where dose-dependent kidney tubule toxicity was also described. The only human study (NCT01262664) was terminated after 4 participants without published results; the reason is not public. Development was discontinued in 2019, and it is not approved anywhere.

L-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+, (alanyl-histidyl-lysine)copper(II), AHK copper complex

AHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of the synthetic tripeptide Ala-His-Lys. Its direct evidence consists mainly of one 2007 human-scalp hair-follicle study conducted ex vivo and in cultured dermal-papilla cells; no clinical AHK-Cu treatment trial or human pharmacokinetic study was located.

Acadesine, AICA-riboside, AICAr, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside, AICA ribonucleoside, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside

AICAR (acadesine) is an AMPK activator — a cell-permeable nucleoside/adenosine analog, not a peptide and not a SARM, with zero androgen-receptor activity. Its fame rests on a single rodent result — a ~44% endurance gain in sedentary mice (Narkar 2008) — that got it WADA-banned in 2009, while human efficacy for endurance or body composition remains unestablished. It is not an approved medicine for physique or performance: the clinical program ("acadesine") was terminated for futility in cardiac surgery and never reached approval.

Alpha-GPC, also called choline alfoscerate, is a choline precursor rather than a peptide.

Modified GLP-1 Analog

Altglutide is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Arimidex

Anastrozole is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

S-4, S4, GTx-007, GTX-007, Androxolutamide, Andarine

An investigational nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) — a small-molecule arylpropionamide with a nitro group, NOT a peptide. Developed by GTx as GTx-007 and regarded as likely the first SARM to enter human testing (about three Phase 1 studies, ~86 volunteers, ~2003–2004). Development was abandoned because of a dose-dependent visual disturbance — a yellow/amber tint to vision and impaired night/low-light adaptation, reversible on discontinuation. Never approved by any regulator. WADA-prohibited (S1.2).

LAT8881, LAT-8881, Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, Tyr-hGH(177-191)

AOD-9604 is the synthetic Y-start analog [F176Y]hGH(176-191), later developed as LAT8881. Its pivotal obesity trial did not show significant weight loss versus placebo, and that program ended in 2007. Three later registered pain studies also did not report a statistically significant primary efficacy result.

Argireline is a name used for a synthetic hexapeptide developed from a region of SNAP-25.

BDNF is an endogenous neurotrophic protein involved in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity.

PS-178990, BMS 564929, BMS564929, 2-Chloro-3-methyl-4-[(7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-1,3-dioxo-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-2-yl]benzonitrile

A nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) of the bicyclic hydantoin (pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole-1,3-dione) class — a true SARM, NOT a peptide and NOT a steroid. Originated by Bristol-Myers Squibb and intended for age-related androgen decline in men. In castrated rats it is a subnanomolar AR agonist (Ki ~2.11 nM) with extreme muscle-versus-prostate tissue selectivity, but the same primary study flags potent luteinizing-hormone (LH) suppression and a narrow therapeutic index. Its evidence base is PRECLINICAL — ClinicalTrials.gov returns zero registered trials, and the widely repeated "early human clinical trials" claim is uncited and UNVERIFIED. There is no reliable human efficacy or safety data. WADA-prohibited (S1.2). Not an approved medicine anywhere (as of 2026-07-10).

Bone Marrow Bioregulator

Bonomarlot is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Parathyroid Bioregulator (A-21)

Bonothyrk is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Body Protection Compound-157, Bepecin, PL 14736, PLD-116

A synthetic pentadecapeptide whose sequence derives from a protein found in human gastric juice, studied almost entirely in animal models for tissue repair, tendon and ligament healing, gastrointestinal protection, and angiogenesis. It is not approved for human use, and rigorous human trial data are essentially absent.

BPC-157 KPV gut stack, Gut stack, BPC KPV blend, KPV + BPC-157

BPC-157 + KPV is a commercial name for a two-peptide vendor mixture — not a new covalent molecule. No controlled combination study (human, animal, or in vitro) was identified; the only PubMed hit for BPC-157 AND KPV is a compounding-industry overview, not combo efficacy. Evidence is component-wise only.

Bromantan, Ladasten, Adamantylbromphenylamine

Bromantane is a synthetic non-peptide aminoadamantane marketed by prescription as Ladasten in Russia for asthenic states and neurasthenia. Russian human studies exist, but the controlled trials are small, old and at risk of bias; it is not FDA-approved or centrally authorised in the EU and is prohibited in competition by WADA under S6.A.

AEDL, Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu, H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu-OH, Bronchogen (Khavinson bronchial bioregulator), lung peptide bioregulator

A synthetic short tetrapeptide from Vladimir Khavinson's "peptide bioregulator" (cytogen) family, marketed toward bronchial/respiratory tissue research. It has no published human clinical trials, is sold only as a research reagent, and is not an approved medicine anywhere confirmed in the sources found. Not approved for human use.

Suprecur, Suprefact, buserelin acetate

A GnRH agonist authorized nationally in the United Kingdom for specialist fertility protocols; it is not FDA-approved or centrally authorized by EMA.

AM833, NN9838, NNC0174-0833

Cagrilintide is an investigational, long-acting amylin analogue studied alone and as the amylin component of CagriSema. No single-agent FDA or EU approval was identified as of 20 August 2026.

Cagrilintide + semaglutide

CagriSema is an investigational fixed-dose combination of the long-acting amylin analogue cagrilintide and the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide. A US weight-management application is under FDA review; the combination is not approved as of 3 August 2026.

Salmon calcitonin, Calcitonin salmon, Miacalcin, Fortical, Calcitonin-salmon injection

Salmon calcitonin is an FDA-approved synthetic 32-amino-acid peptide medicine with a restricted osteoporosis indication. This page is also a pedagogical hub for the calcitonin receptor (CTR) and RAMP-formed amylin receptors (AMY1–3), linking approved and investigational ligands on the same receptor family — without research-vendor weight-loss framing.

Capixyl is a cosmetic ingredient blend combining acetyl tetrapeptide-3 with red-clover flower extract.

GW-501516, GW1516, GW-1516, GSK-516, Endurobol, Cardarine, GW501516

A synthetic, orally active small-molecule selective PPARδ (PPARβ/δ) agonist — not a peptide — developed in the 1990s as a candidate for dyslipidemia and popularized as an "exercise mimetic." Development was abandoned by GlaxoSmithKline around 2007 after long-term rodent studies showed it promoted tumors across multiple tissues. Not approved for human use by any regulator anywhere.

AEDR, Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg, H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg-OH, Cardiogen peptide

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg, "AEDR") from the Khavinson school of short "peptide bioregulators," marketed as a heart/myocardium-targeted compound. Its chemistry is verifiable, but supporting evidence is limited to in-vitro binding assays and a hypothesis-level gene-regulation model; cardiac-efficacy claims are unverified and there is no confirmed human data. Not approved for human use anywhere.

AED, Ala-Glu-Asp, L-Alanyl-L-glutamyl-L-aspartic acid, Alanyl-glutamyl-aspartic acid, H-Ala-Glu-Asp-OH, T-31 peptide, PubChem CID 87815447

A synthetic tripeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp, "AED") from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed toward cartilage and connective-tissue "repair." The verifiable evidence is thin, old and preclinical — a single in-vitro gene-expression study, no animal joint-disease trial and no human data. Not approved for human use.

FPF-1070, Cerebrolysin peptide preparation

A standardized mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids derived from purified porcine brain proteins, marketed by EVER Pharma in some countries as a neurotrophic agent and studied in ischemic stroke, dementia, and traumatic brain injury. It is not FDA- or EMA-approved, and systematic reviews report mixed and disputed evidence.

Cerluten is a trade product in the Cytomax range.

Cetrotide, cetrorelix acetate

An approved GnRH antagonist used during controlled ovarian stimulation to prevent a premature LH surge and ovulation.

Heart Muscle Bioregulator

Chelohart is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Bladder Bioregulator

Chitomur is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

EDG, Glu-Asp-Gly tripeptide, T-34 tripeptide, Glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine, H-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH, Lung/bronchial mucosa bioregulator

A synthetic tripeptide, Glu-Asp-Gly (EDG), from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed for bronchial/lung tissue support. Chemistry is well-defined (PubChem CID 194641; CAS 75007-24-8; C11H17N3O8; MW 319.27), but the biological evidence is thin — one in-vitro study plus uncontrolled, unreplicated Russian clinical claims. Not approved for human use.

ARA-290, ARA 290, ARA290, pHBSP, PHBSP

Cibinetide (ARA-290) is an investigational 11-amino-acid erythropoietin-derived peptide studied mainly in small-fiber neuropathy; short human trials produced mixed symptom and nerve-fiber signals without establishing an approved treatment.

DAC:GRF, CJC-1295 with DAC, CJC-1295 DAC, Modified GRF(1-29) with DAC, CJC-1295 without DAC, Modified GRF (1-29), Mod GRF 1-29, Tetrasubstituted GRF (1-29)

A synthetic tetrasubstituted analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29) studied for prolonging GH and IGF-1 release. Exists as a long-acting albumin-binding form (with DAC) and a short-acting form (without DAC, commonly called Modified GRF 1-29).

CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin stack, CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin blend, Ipamorelin + CJC Blend, GH Synergy Blend, CJC-1295 (no DAC) & Ipamorelin, Pre-Mixed GH Secretagogue Stack

CJC-1295 + ipamorelin is a common commercial stack pairing a GHRH analogue with a selective GHS-R1a agonist — not a new molecule. No controlled human combination study was identified. Most marketed vials likely contain short-acting no-DAC / Mod GRF 1-29 despite the strongest CJC human PK study describing the long-acting DAC form.

CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor, is a cytokine that supports neuronal survival in experimental systems.

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)

CoQ10 is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

AEDP, Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro-OH, Cortagen tetrapeptide

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, "AEDP") from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, derived by directed synthesis from the cerebral-cortex preparation cortexin and marketed as a brain/nervous-system "bioregulator." Evidence is limited, older, and almost entirely from the Khavinson lineage — rodent nerve-regeneration and ex-vivo chromatin studies, with no published human clinical trials. Not approved for human use.

Кортексин

A Russian prescription preparation containing a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptides obtained from cattle brain cortex. It is not a single sequence-defined peptide. Human trials exist, but systematic reviews judge the independent evidence limited and at important risk of bias.

MEDI0382, MEDI-0382

Cotadutide (MEDI0382) is AstraZeneca's discontinued dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist with published phase 2 human data in type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, and exploratory NASH biomarkers. Development stopped in 2023 for strategic pipeline reasons, not a newly observed safety signal. It is not approved and is not an active late-stage programme.

EDP, Glu-Asp-Pro, glutamyl-aspartyl-proline, L-Glutamyl-L-aspartyl-L-proline, Cytogen (immune), Crystagen (trade name)

A synthetic short-peptide "bioregulator" from the Khavinson (St. Petersburg) school, marketed as an immune/thymic "Cytogen." Most primary sources identify it as the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Pro (EDP), though some vendor pages list conflicting, unverified sequences. Its evidence base is older, largely Russian, and mostly preclinical, with only small, weakly-controlled human immunogram reports. Not approved for human use.

PF-06882961

An oral, synthetic small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist—not a peptide—that produced glucose and weight reductions in phase 1–2 trials. Pfizer discontinued development in April 2025 after reviewing the full programme and a potential drug-induced liver injury in one asymptomatic participant.

Zegalogue

Dasiglucagon is a synthetic glucagon analogue — a separate molecule from glucagon, with its own INN and several amino-acid substitutions that make it stable in solution. It is authorised in the EU as Zegalogue (central authorisation 2024; marketing authorisation transferred to Zealand Pharma in January 2026). In the US it was approved in 2021, but the FDA Orange Book now lists all presentations as discontinued. In a phase 3 trial in adults with type 1 diabetes, median time to blood-glucose recovery after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was 10 minutes with dasiglucagon versus 40 minutes with placebo.

Decorin Analog

Decorinyl is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Acetyl Hexapeptide-46

Delisens is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate + Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12

Dermaxyl is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Acetyl Hexapeptide-37

Diffuporine is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

N-hexanoyl-Tyr-Ile-(6)-aminohexanamide, PNB-0408, ATH-1001

Dihexa is a synthetic angiotensin-IV-derived compound studied only in cells and animals. The key HGF/c-Met mechanism paper (Benoist 2014) was retracted in 2025 for fabricated figures. Its phosphate prodrug fosgonimeton (ATH-1017) missed its primary endpoints in two Alzheimer's trials. Human efficacy and safety of dihexa itself have not been studied.

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

DMT is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Emideltide, Delta sleep-inducing peptide, Delta EEG-inducing peptide

A naturally occurring nonapeptide isolated in 1977 from the cerebral venous blood of sleeping rabbits. Despite its name, its sleep-promoting effects are inconsistent across studies and its physiological role, biosynthetic origin, and receptor remain unestablished. The evidence base is old, mixed, and largely preclinical.

Trulicity, LY2189265

Dulaglutide (Trulicity) is an FDA- and EMA-approved once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist (IgG4 Fc fusion protein, ~63 kDa) for type 2 diabetes glycemic control and reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and established CVD or multiple CV risk factors. It is not a separate chronic weight-management brand like Wegovy.

DMZ, Mebolazine, Dimethazine, D-Zine, mebolazine, di(methasterone) azine, 2alpha,17alpha-dimethyl-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol-3-one azine

Dymethazine (DMZ, mebolazine/dimethazine) is an oral anabolic-androgenic STEROID (AAS) — not a SARM and not a peptide, despite being marketed and grouped under "SARM"/"prohormone" branding to imply a mild profile. Chemically it is an azine dimer of two methasterone (methyldrostanolone) units — each a 17alpha-methylated DHT derivative — joined by a nitrogen-nitrogen (azine) bridge at the A-ring 3-position, and in the body it splits into two molecules of methasterone (the same drug sold as "Superdrol"). Because the dimer and its metabolites are all 17alpha-alkylated, it carries classic 17alpha-alkylated hepatotoxicity, including documented cholestatic jaundice — the opposite of "mild." It is an unapproved designer steroid and has never been an approved medicine; its active metabolite methasterone is a US Schedule III controlled anabolic steroid (2012), the Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014 broadened Schedule III to capture designer AAS, and it is prohibited in sport by WADA as an exogenous anabolic androgenic steroid (S1.1).

XW003, cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist (Sciwind)

Ecnoglutide (XW003) is Sciwind's once-weekly cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist. Peer-reviewed phase 3 trials in China support type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity programmes. It is approved by China's NMPA for adult T2D (about January 2026) and chronic weight management (about March 2026). It is not FDA- or EMA-approved.

HM11260C, SAR439977, LAPS-Exendin, Langlenatide

Efpeglenatide is an investigational, long-acting exendin-based GLP-1 receptor agonist conjugated to a human IgG4 Fc dimer through a polyethylene-glycol-derived linker. Randomized trials report glycaemic, weight, cardiovascular and composite kidney outcomes, but the product has no FDA or centrally authorised EU approval identified in the current public datasets.

LY3841136, AT53786, EX-A9589

Eloralintide (LY3841136) is Eli Lilly's investigational long-acting, selective amylin receptor agonist studied for overweight and obesity. Peer-reviewed phase 1 and phase 2 human data are published; phase 3 is recruiting. It is not an approved medicine.

Enclomiphene citrate, Enclomifene (INN spelling), (E)-clomifene / trans-clomifene, Androxal (developer brand — never approved), EnCyzix (proposed EU brand — never approved), Distinct from zuclomiphene and from clomifene (Clomid)

Enclomiphene is the (E)/trans-isomer of clomifene — a small-molecule selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), not a peptide. By blocking estrogen negative feedback at the hypothalamus and pituitary it raises LH and FSH and, in turn, a man's own testosterone while preserving sperm production — the opposite of exogenous testosterone. It reached phase 3 for male secondary hypogonadism (as Androxal) but was never approved, and development was discontinued; it now circulates off-label and grey-market.

Endoluten is a trade product in the Cytomax range.

CT-388, CT388, RO7795068, RG6640

Enicepatide (CT-388 / RO7795068 / RG6640) is Roche/Genentech's investigational once-weekly dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, discovered at Carmot Therapeutics. Peer-reviewed phase 1 data are published; phase 2 obesity topline and phase 3 Enith programmes are active. It is not an approved medicine.

Methylepitiostanol, Havoc, E-Stane, Epi, 2α,3α-epithio-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol, 17α-methylepithiostanol, Methyl-epitiostanol, 2,3-thioepoxy madol

Epistane is an anabolic-androgenic STEROID (AAS) — it is NOT a SARM and NOT a peptide, despite being marketed as a "dry SARM" or "prohormone." Chemically it is methylepitiostanol (2α,3α-epithio-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol), a 17α-alkylated (oral) derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) carrying a 2,3-epithio group that also confers anti-estrogenic / aromatase-inhibitory activity — the basis for its "dry"/"non-estrogenic" marketing. It was never approved for medical use in any jurisdiction. The 17α-alkyl group makes it orally active but also HEPATOTOXIC — multiple published human case reports document severe, prolonged cholestatic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with profound jaundice in young men who used epistane (Petrov et al., Arch Toxicol 2020). Like all oral 17α-alkylated AAS it also suppresses the HPTA (endogenous testosterone), adversely alters lipids/cardiovascular risk, and causes androgenic/virilizing effects. It is a designer anabolic steroid — the opposite of "mild" — sold under SARM/prohormone branding, and it is a known undeclared adulterant in "SARM"/supplement products. WADA-prohibited as an exogenous AAS (S1.1a); a US Schedule III controlled anabolic steroid explicitly named under the Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014. Not an approved medicine — a controlled designer anabolic steroid; educational information only, not medical, dosing, or legal advice.

Epithalon, Epithalone, AEDG peptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed by Vladimir Khavinson and derived from the pineal peptide preparation epithalamin. It is promoted around telomerase activation, telomere lengthening, and anti-aging effects, but most supporting studies come from a single research group, are older and small, and have seen little independent replication. Human evidence is very limited and it is not approved anywhere.

Byetta, Bydureon, Bydureon BCise, synthetic exendin-4, exendin-4

Exenatide is the first FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist (Byetta twice daily, 2005; Bydureon once weekly, 2012) — a synthetic exendin-4 peptide for type 2 diabetes glycemic control, also authorised in the EU. The EXSCEL CVOT showed MACE noninferiority versus placebo but not superiority (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–1.00).

Dipeptide-2 + Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 + Hesperidin

Eyeliss is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5

Eyeseryl is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Zetia, Ezetrol

Ezetimibe is an approved oral small-molecule medicine—not a peptide—that lowers LDL cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal NPC1L1-mediated sterol absorption. Product approval and outcome evidence are indication- and combination-specific: IMPROVE-IT tested ezetimibe added to simvastatin after acute coronary syndrome, not ezetimibe as a weight-loss or longevity monotherapy.

FGL Peptide (NCAM Mimetic), FG loop peptide

FGL is a name used for several related peptide constructs. Early human research examined FGLL tolerability, not cognitive benefit; a mouse study used a different construct. The variants and their findings must be kept separate. Editorial review pending.

Native Human Follistatin

Follistatin-315 is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

FST344 precursor, FS344, Follistatin isoform 1

Follistatin-344 is the 344-amino-acid human follistatin precursor encoded by one FST splice variant; removal of its 29-amino-acid signal peptide yields the mature FS315 form. Human evidence concerns small experimental gene-transfer studies, not a validated injectable protein product.

FOXO4 D-Retro-Inverso peptide, FOXO4-DRI, Proxofim, FOXO4-DRI (D-retro-inverso)

An experimental senolytic peptide — a cell-penetrating, protease-resistant D-retro-inverso peptide designed to disrupt the FOXO4–p53 interaction and trigger apoptosis preferentially in senescent ("zombie") cells. Evidence is strictly preclinical (mouse and cell culture). Not approved for human use.

GB115, ГБ-115, Ranquilon, Ранквилон

GB-115, also known as Ranquilon, has been studied in humans, but the trials examined different patient groups. Reporting inconsistencies and conflicting molecular identity descriptions in preclinical and clinical sources limit interpretation. Editorial review pending.

BMP-11, Bone morphogenetic protein 11, Growth/differentiation factor 11, GDF11

GDF-11 (BMP-11) is an endogenous TGF-β/BMP-family protein closely related to myostatin (GDF-8). Early 2013–2014 circulating-decline and rejuvenation claims rested on assays that cross-react with GDF-8; later work contested those measurements. There is no approved GDF-11 medicine and no controlled human rejuvenation RCT.

Copper tripeptide-1, GHK-copper, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper, Copper peptide

GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of the naturally occurring human tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK). Plasma GHK declines with age, and the complex has well-documented roles in wound healing, collagen and extracellular-matrix synthesis, antioxidant defense, and broad gene-expression modulation. It is widely used and regarded as safe as a topical cosmetic ingredient, with some supportive human skin studies; injectable "research" use has no human trial evidence.

Pralmorelin, KP-102, GPA-748

A synthetic hexapeptide and agonist of the ghrelin / growth-hormone-secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a) that strongly stimulates growth hormone release. Unlike the more selective ipamorelin, it also modestly raises ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin and increases appetite. Approved in Japan (as pralmorelin) only as a diagnostic agent for growth hormone deficiency; not approved as a therapeutic in the US or EU.

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, SKF-110679, His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys

A synthetic hexapeptide growth-hormone-releasing peptide and agonist of the ghrelin / growth-hormone-secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). One of the first GHRPs ever made, it was historically central to discovering the ghrelin receptor. It strongly stimulates a growth hormone pulse and appetite, but also raises cortisol and prolactin. It is not an approved therapeutic.

Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide

GIP (Native) is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Synthetic NGF mimetic studied in cells and rodents; clinical benefit and human safety remain unestablished in the reviewed sources.

Adrenal Bioregulator

Glandokort is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

GLOW blend, GLOW peptide, GLOW 70

GLOW is a commercial name for a lyophilized three-peptide mixture typically labelled as GHK-Cu plus BPC-157 plus TB-500 — not a new covalent molecule. No controlled study of the combination was identified; any evidence is component-wise only.

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (7-36)

GLP-1 (Native) is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

DT-200, GLPG-0492, GLPG0492

GLPG0492 (also called DT-200) is a nonsteroidal, aryl-hydantoin selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed by Galapagos NV — a small-molecule research compound, not a peptide, investigated for muscle-wasting conditions and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Its most advanced human testing was Phase 1: three registered Phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers (a first-in-human single-ascending-dose study, a multiple-ascending-dose study, and a muscle-protein-synthesis pharmacodynamic study), the last completed April 2012. It never advanced to later-phase trials and was never approved for any use.

Glucagon (rDNA), Baqsimi, Gvoke, Ogluo, GlucaGen, Glucagon Emergency Kit

Glucagon is the body's own 29-amino-acid pancreatic peptide hormone and an approved medicine since 1960 (US). It is used to treat severe hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes and, in some products, as a diagnostic aid that temporarily slows the gut during radiological examinations. Nasal powder (Baqsimi) and ready-to-use liquid (Gvoke/Ogluo) forms were non-inferior to classic reconstituted glucagon in randomised trials. Dasiglucagon is a separate molecule, not another name for glucagon.

GSH, L-Glutathione (reduced), gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, Reduced glutathione, Setria (branded oral), Tationil (branded IV, abroad)

An endogenous tripeptide (gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) that is the body's principal intracellular antioxidant and redox buffer. Unlike most compounds discussed alongside peptides, this one genuinely is a peptide. It is sold as an oral, liposomal, and injectable supplement and is heavily marketed for "detox," immune support, liver health, and cosmetic skin-lightening, but disease-outcome efficacy in humans is largely unproven. It is not FDA- or EMA-approved as a drug; oral forms are US dietary supplements and injectable use has been the subject of FDA safety warnings.

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), LHRH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone), Factrel (brand, diagnostic), Lutrepulse / Lutropulse (brand, fertility), Relefact / HRF / Luforan (brands)

Gonadorelin is synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH/LHRH), the natural decapeptide that drives the reproductive axis. Given in pulses it stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH; given continuously it paradoxically suppresses them. It has a genuine human approval history (Factrel for diagnostic testing; Lutrepulse for hypothalamic-amenorrhoea infertility), but those products are discontinued in the US, and it remains widely used in veterinary medicine.

Zoladex, goserelin acetate

An approved GnRH agonist delivered as a biodegradable subcutaneous implant.

Muscle Bioregulator

Gotratix is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Synthetic BDNF mimetic with cell and rodent findings; human efficacy and safety are not established by the reviewed sources.

BDNF loop mimetic with model-dependent cell and animal findings; human efficacy and safety remain unestablished by the reviewed sources.

GSK2881078, GSK-2881078, GSK 2881078

A nonsteroidal, orally active selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed by GlaxoSmithKline as an investigational treatment for muscle wasting and weakness — NOT a peptide and NOT an anabolic steroid. It reached Phase 2 (first-in-human study, Clark et al., Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017, PMID 28449232; and a 13-week Phase 2 trial in COPD, Thorax 2022, PMID 36283827, NCT03359473), where it raised lean body mass by ~2 kg with a strength signal in men — while the same trials documented the class-defining risks: transient liver-enzyme (transaminase) elevations, reduced HDL cholesterol and SHBG, and dose-dependent testosterone suppression in men. It is NOT an approved medicine for any use.

GW0742, GW610742, GW610742X

A synthetic, highly selective small-molecule PPARδ (PPARβ/δ) agonist and a close structural analog of cardarine (GW-501516), differing by a single extra fluorine atom — not a peptide and not a SARM. It exists only as a laboratory research-tool compound: never tested in humans, with no human safety data and no approval for human use anywhere. Not approved by any regulator; preclinical (animal/in-vitro) only.

human chorionic gonadotropin, chorionic gonadotropin, hCG, choriogonadotropin alfa (recombinant hCG), Pregnyl (urinary), Novarel (urinary), Ovidrel / Ovitrelle (recombinant), the pregnancy hormone

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a placental glycoprotein hormone — a large alpha/beta heterodimer (~37 kDa), not a small peptide — that acts as a luteinizing-hormone (LH) mimetic on the LH/hCG receptor. It is a genuinely approved medicine for narrow indications (male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, prepubertal cryptorchidism, and ovulation induction/ART in women), and is separately encountered off-label to preserve testicular function and fertility during or after testosterone use. The FDA has rejected and warned against hCG for weight loss.

Examorelin, EP-23905

A synthetic hexapeptide growth-hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) and agonist of the ghrelin / growth-hormone-secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). It is a potent stimulus for growth hormone release but, like other GHRPs, also raises cortisol and prolactin, and it is studied for a distinctive growth-hormone-independent cardiovascular action mediated by the CD36 receptor. Reached early-phase human trials but was never approved for human use.

HGF, hepatocyte growth factor, is also known as scatter factor.

Somatotropin (176-191), Native human growth hormone fragment 176-191

hGH Fragment 176-191 is the native C-terminal 16-amino-acid sequence of mature human growth hormone. Direct evidence located for the native fragment is limited to animal and laboratory research; no human efficacy, pharmacokinetic or safety program was identified. It is not the same molecule as AOD-9604.

Respiratory Bioregulator

Honluten is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

HN, MT-RNR2 peptide, HNG analog (S14G-humanin)

A small mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 16S rRNA (MT-RNR2) region, originally identified in Alzheimer's disease research and studied mainly in cells and animals for cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic, metabolic, and neuroprotective effects. Circulating levels decline with age. It is not an approved medicine, and there are no completed human therapeutic trials of administered humanin.

MK-677, MK-0677, Ibutamoren, Ibutamoren mesylate, L-163,191, Oratrope

Ibutamoren (MK-677) is an orally active, non-peptide growth-hormone secretagogue and ghrelin (GHS-R1a) receptor agonist developed by Merck. It reliably raises growth hormone and IGF-1, but in a 1-year randomized trial it impaired glucose metabolism and did not improve strength, and it is NOT a SARM and NOT a peptide despite being widely mis-sold as one. Not approved for human use by any regulator; sold only as a research chemical.

Des(1-3) IGF-1

IGF-1 DES is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Long R3 IGF-I, Long [Arg3] IGF-I, LR3IGF-I

IGF-1 LR3 is an 83-amino-acid recombinant IGF-I analogue engineered with a 13-amino-acid N-terminal extension and a Glu3-to-Arg3 substitution. Published evidence is preclinical; no registered human intervention study or approved LR3 medicine was identified.

NNC 26-0161, NNC-26-0161

A synthetic pentapeptide and selective agonist of the ghrelin/growth-hormone-secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a), studied for stimulating growth hormone release with minimal effect on ACTH, cortisol, or prolactin. Investigated clinically for postoperative ileus but discontinued; never approved for human use.

Acetyl Hexapeptide-51 Amide

Juveleven is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Ketalar / Spravato

Ketamine is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Metastin, KISS1-derived peptide, Kisspeptin-54, Kisspeptin-13, Kisspeptin-10

A family of neuropeptides encoded by the KISS1 gene (originally identified as the metastasis suppressor "metastin") that act through the KISS1R/GPR54 receptor as a master upstream regulator of the reproductive axis, stimulating GnRH and thereby LH and FSH.

KLOW blend, KLOW peptide, KLOW 80

KLOW is a commercial name for a four-peptide lyophilized mixture that adds KPV to the GLOW core (GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500). It is not a new molecule. No controlled study of the four-way combination was identified; evidence is component-wise, with KPV limited to preclinical work.

Lys-Pro-Val, α-MSH(11-13), KPV tripeptide

A tripeptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of α-MSH (residues 11–13), studied in vitro and in animal models for anti-inflammatory activity in intestinal and dermal inflammation. Not approved for human use.

Larazotide, AT-1001

Larazotide acetate is an oral, locally acting octapeptide investigated for celiac disease and other barrier-related conditions; phase 2 findings were mixed, and the celiac phase 3 trial was terminated after an interim analysis did not support continuation.

Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17

Lash Peptide is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Pentapeptide-18

Leuphasyl is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Leuprolide, Leuprolide acetate, Lupron, Lupron Depot, Lupron Depot-PED, Eligard, Fensolvi, Camcevi, Procren Depot, Enanton Depot Dual

Leuprorelin (US name leuprolide) is a synthetic GnRH agonist nonapeptide and one of the most widely used peptide medicines. FDA-approved since 1985 and available as long-acting depots, it is used for advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids (preoperatively, with iron) and central precocious puberty. After an initial hormone flare it suppresses sex hormones to castrate levels; its risks follow from that hormone deprivation.

L-carnitine, Carnitor

Levocarnitine is an endogenous carrier molecule and an approved US prescription medicine for specific secondary carnitine deficiencies and dialysis-associated deficiency.

LG-121071, LGD-121071, 4-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-8-pyridono[5,6-g]-quinoline

LG121071 is an early nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed by Ligand Pharmaceuticals and first described in 1999 (Hamann et al., J Med Chem, PMID 9925725) — a true nonsteroidal SARM built on a tricyclic tetrahydroquinolinone (trifluoromethyl-quinolinone) scaffold, NOT a peptide and NOT a steroid. It is historically important as among the FIRST orally active nonsteroidal androgens ever described and is a chemical predecessor to Ligand's later LGD series (including ligandrol / LGD-4033). It is reported as a high-affinity full agonist of the androgen receptor (Ki ~17 nM) with potency described as comparable to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and, being nonsteroidal, it is not a substrate for 5alpha-reductase or aromatase. It has NO human trials, is NOT approved by any regulator, and exists only as a preclinical research compound and analytical reference material. It is prohibited in sport under WADA class S1.2 (SARMs); an in-vitro metabolism and urinary detection method was published in 2015 (Knoop et al., PMID 25906032) because it could be misused as a doping agent. It is NOT an approved medicine.

LGD2226, LGD 2226

LGD-2226 is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) and a bicyclic 6-anilino-quinolinone small molecule — not a peptide — discovered by Ligand Pharmaceuticals as a candidate for muscle wasting and osteoporosis. All evidence is preclinical (animal/in-vitro); it was never approved as a medicine and, on the available record, most likely never completed a Phase 1 human trial.

LGD 2941, LGD2941, DB05234

LGD-2941 is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) of the quinolinone (6-anilino-quinolinone) chemotype — it is NOT a peptide and NOT an approved medicine. It was originated by Ligand Pharmaceuticals and taken into Phase 1 under a collaboration with TAP Pharmaceutical Products; single-dose pharmacokinetic and adverse-event data in healthy volunteers were presented at ENDO 2008, after which development was discontinued (the SARM agreement was assigned to Abbott in 2008) and Ligand pivoted its SARM program to LGD-4033. Preclinical rodent findings suggested oral anabolic activity in muscle and bone with a reduced prostate effect, but these are animal data and do not establish human efficacy or safety. It is prohibited in sport under WADA S1.2 and is encountered today only as a research reagent. This entry is informational only and is a discontinued investigational drug, never approved for any use.

LGD3303, LGD 3303, 9-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-7(6H)-one

LGD-3303 is a true nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) of the pyrrolo-quinolinone class, synthesized by Ligand Pharmaceuticals — it is NOT a peptide and NOT a steroid. Its entire evidence base is preclinical (rodent and in-vitro, ~2008–2009); it never entered human trials. In animals it showed a functionally dissociated profile (full agonist for muscle/bone, partial agonist for prostate). Not approved by any regulator anywhere; sold only as an illicit research chemical.

Prostate Bioregulator

Libidon is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

LGD-4033, VK5211, Anabolicum

Ligandrol (LGD-4033) is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) — it is NOT a peptide. It is a synthetic pyrrolidinyl-benzonitrile that binds the androgen receptor as a tissue-selective agonist/partial agonist, producing anabolic effects in muscle and bone. Not approved for human use anywhere; investigational and sold only as a research chemical.

Victoza (brand), Saxenda (brand), NN2211, Liraglutide (rDNA origin)

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA and EMA. Marketed as Victoza for type 2 diabetes (and cardiovascular risk reduction) and as Saxenda for chronic weight management, it is an older, shorter-acting GLP-1 drug with a smaller weight-loss effect than the longer-acting semaglutide and tirzepatide.

KEDA, Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala, H-Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala-OH, Livagen peptide

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala / KEDA) from Vladimir Khavinson's "peptide bioregulator" school, marketed as a liver / anti-aging bioregulator. The only substantive evidence is a small body of older, mostly-Russian ex vivo studies on cultured lymphocytes from elderly people; there are no in vivo human clinical trials. Not approved for human use.

Adlyxin, Lyxumia, AVE0010, ZP10

Lixisenatide is a short-acting (mealtime) GLP-1 receptor agonist — a 44-amino-acid peptide derived from exendin-4 — approved for type 2 diabetes in the EU (2013, Lyxumia) and the US (2016, Adlyxin). The stand-alone products have since been discontinued for commercial reasons: in the US from 1 January 2023 and in the EU, where the Lyxumia authorisation was withdrawn on 18 December 2025. Lixisenatide remains available only in fixed combination with insulin glargine (Soliqua in the US, Suliqua in the EU). ELIXA showed cardiovascular safety (non-inferiority), not benefit.

Cathelicidin, hCAP-18 C-terminal peptide, CAMP, LL37

The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, a 37-residue fragment released from the precursor protein hCAP-18. It is an endogenous component of innate immunity with direct antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, chemotactic, angiogenic, and wound-healing activities, but it has strikingly double-edged biology, it is also implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and has context-dependent roles in cancer. It is not an approved drug; the only controlled human data come from small topical wound-healing trials, with no systemic dosing established.

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

LSD is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

LY-305, LY 305, 2-chloro-4-[[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylcyclopentyl]amino]-3-methylbenzonitrile

LY305 is a true nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) of the benzonitrile class, developed de novo by Eli Lilly and engineered specifically for transdermal (gel) delivery. It is not a peptide, and it is a distinct molecule from Lilly's LY2452473 / OPK-88004 — the two should not be conflated. LY305 is an investigational research compound and is not an approved medicine anywhere.

Maridebart cafraglutide, AMG 133

MariTide (maridebart cafraglutide) is an investigational long-acting antibody-peptide conjugate that combines GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism. It is in phase 3 development, with no FDA or EU marketing approval identified as of 20 August 2026.

Original Matrixyl is a trade ingredient containing palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 in a carrier mixture.

Matrixyl 3000 is a formulated cosmetic ingredient containing palmitoyl tripeptide-1 and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38

Matrixyl Synthe'6 is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

IBI362, IBI-362, LY3305677, LY-3305677, OXM-3

A once-weekly subcutaneous dual GLP-1 / glucagon receptor agonist (an oxyntomodulin analog) in-licensed from Eli Lilly and developed by Innovent Biologics. Approved in China (NMPA) for chronic weight management and for type 2 diabetes; not approved by the FDA or EMA.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MDMA is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Afamelanotide, Scenesse (brand), Melanotan 1, [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH, NDP-MSH, NDP-alpha-MSH, CUV1647

A synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and melanocortin-1 receptor agonist, marketed as Scenesse and approved by the EMA (2014) and FDA (2019) to prevent phototoxicity in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), a rare painful light-sensitivity disorder, not for cosmetic tanning.

Melanotan 2, MT-II, MT-2

A synthetic cyclic heptapeptide and non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist (MC1R/MC3R/MC4R/MC5R) studied in small human trials for skin tanning and erectile function. It is not approved as a medicine anywhere, is widely sold as an unregulated injectable, and is associated with documented serious harms including priapism, nausea, changes in moles, and rare reports of rhabdomyolysis and encephalopathy. It is distinct from the approved drug afamelanotide (Melanotan I / Scenesse).

Acetyl Hexapeptide-1

Melitane is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Human menopausal gonadotropin, Menopur, hMG

An approved biologic fertility medicine standardized by FSH and LH activity; it is a mixture, not one chemically defined peptide.

Glucophage

Metformin is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Superdrol, M-Drol, Methyldrol, Methyldrostanolone, 17a-methyldrostanolone, 2a,17a-dimethyl-5a-DHT, Methasteron

Methasterone ("Superdrol") is an anabolic-androgenic STEROID — a 17α-alkylated oral steroid derived from DHT — that is NOT a SARM and NOT a peptide. It was never approved as a medicine; it emerged as a "designer steroid" sold as a bodybuilding supplement and is frequently marketed as or alongside "SARMs" and "prohormones" to imply a mild profile. It is a documented cause of severe cholestatic drug-induced liver injury and is a Schedule III controlled anabolic steroid in the US — not approved, controlled designer steroid.

Methylthioninium chloride, Methylthionine chloride, Basic Blue 9, Swiss blue, CI 52015, MB, ProvayBlue (brand), Proveblue (brand)

A synthetic phenothiazine redox dye (methylthioninium chloride) and a small molecule — not a peptide — that is frequently discussed alongside peptides in nootropic and longevity circles. As a medicine it is genuinely approved: FDA-approved (ProvayBlue, 2016) and EMA-approved (Proveblue, 2011) as an intravenous treatment for acquired/drug-induced methemoglobinemia, where it accelerates the enzymatic reduction of methemoglobin (Fe3+) back to functional hemoglobin (Fe2+). Its popularity as a low-dose "mitochondrial" nootropic rests on a separate, largely preclinical rationale, and that use is off-label and not an approved indication.

M-Sten, Methyl-Sten, Ultradrol, Methyl-Stenbolone, 2,17α-Dimethyl-δ1-DHT, 2,17α-dimethyl-5α-androsta-1-en-17β-ol-3-one

Methylstenbolone (M-Sten, Ultradrol) is an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) — a 17α-methylated (C17-alkylated) oral derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is not a SARM and not a peptide, despite being marketed alongside "SARM" and "prohormone" products to imply a mild profile; it is a full designer anabolic steroid. The headline harm is hepatotoxicity — the 17α-alkyl group drives documented drug-induced liver injury, including a published case of severe cholestatic jaundice (peak bilirubin ~46 mg/dL) after a label-recommended dose of a "supplement" containing it. It also suppresses natural testosterone (HPTA), harms lipids/cardiovascular markers, and can cause virilization. It was never developed or approved as a medicine and is a Schedule III controlled anabolic steroid in the US under the Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014.

Mechano Growth Factor, IGF-1Ec E-peptide, IGF-1Ec C-terminal peptide (PEc)

MGF names two different things: a natural IGF1 splice variant (human IGF-1Ec) that muscle expresses after loading or damage, and a synthetic 24-amino-acid E-peptide sold as a research chemical. The endogenous variant is real. Effects of the synthetic peptide come from a few cell and animal studies, and independent replication failed. There are no human administration data, no approval anywhere, and MGFs are prohibited in sport under WADA S2.3.

MK 3984, MK3984

MK-3984 is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed by Merck — an aryl-propanamide (diarylpropanamide) small molecule in the same chemical family as ostarine and andarine, and explicitly not a peptide and not a steroidal (4-azasteroid) compound. Human data are limited to a single reported 12-week Phase 2 trial in 88 postmenopausal women (an ENDO 2010 conference presentation / GTx company release, with no ClinicalTrials.gov registration located), in which MK-3984 matched ostarine on lean-mass gain but caused a compound-specific liver-enzyme signal. Development was discontinued around 2010 when Merck exited the SARM field, and it is not an approved medicine anywhere.

MK4541, MK 4541

A preclinical, orally active STEROIDAL androgen-receptor ligand (a 4-azasteroid) developed by Merck & Co. — NOT a peptide and NOT a clean anabolic SARM. It is a dual/mixed AR modulator that is anabolic (agonist) in muscle and bone but ANTAGONIST (antiandrogenic) in the prostate, is also a 5α-reductase inhibitor, and strongly suppresses circulating testosterone. In cell and rodent studies it induced death of androgen-independent AR-positive prostate-cancer cells while sparing normal cells, and was explored as an adjuvant to androgen-deprivation therapy. It never reached human trials and is not an approved medicine anywhere; it is a research reagent only (as of 2026-07-10).

Mitochondrial ORF of the twelve S rRNA type-c, MOTSc, Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c

A 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1) region, studied mainly in cells and mice as a regulator of metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and AMPK signaling, with proposed exercise-mimetic and longevity-related effects. It is not approved as a medicine, and there are no completed human therapeutic trials of the native peptide.

NA-Selank Amidate, NA-Selank, N-acetyl selank amidate, Ac-Selank-NH2

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is a vendor-defined double-capped Selank analogue (N-acetyl + C-terminal amide) with no verified PubChem CID or CAS for the exact amidate form and zero identified peer-reviewed pharmacology. Do not confuse PubChem CID 133082488 (N-acetyl free acid) with the amidate. Russian Selank approval does not apply.

NA-Semax Amidate, NA-Semax, N-acetyl semax amidate, Ac-Semax-NH2, HY-P3588, EX-A13574

N-Acetyl Semax Amidate is a double-capped Semax analogue (N-acetyl + C-terminal amide) with a PubChem deposit (CID 172638603) but no identified peer-reviewed pharmacology, safety, or efficacy study of that exact molecule. Russian Semax approval and parent Semax data must not be transferred to this variant.

N-Acetyl Cysteine

NAC is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

NAD+, Nadide, beta-NAD, beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN), Coenzyme I, NAD (oxidized form)

An endogenous pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme (redox cofactor) central to cellular energy metabolism and the consumed substrate for sirtuins, PARPs and CD38 — a small metabolite, NOT a peptide. Tissue levels fall with age, so NAD+ and its precursors are heavily marketed for "longevity and energy," but human evidence is limited to small pilot studies and no longevity benefit is established. IV/injectable NAD+ is not FDA- or EMA-approved; it is sold as a compounded preparation (503A/503B) or as a dietary supplement, and the FDA has issued recalls and safety warnings.

NGF, nerve growth factor, is an endogenous protein important for sensory and sympathetic neurons.

Omberacetam, GVS-111, N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester

Noopept is a synthetic prolylglycine-derived small molecule with limited, mostly Russian-language clinical literature and a larger preclinical literature; robust human efficacy and safety are not established.

Octreotide acetate, Sandostatin, Sandostatin LAR Depot, Mycapssa, Bynfezia, SMS 201-995

Octreotide is a synthetic cyclic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin (mainly SSTR2, also SSTR5) and an approved medicine since 1988 (US). It is approved for acromegaly and for symptom control in metastatic carcinoid tumours and VIPomas, as injection, long-acting depot and — since 2020 in the US — as an oral capsule (Mycapssa) for maintenance in acromegaly. A randomised trial showed longer time to progression in metastatic midgut neuroendocrine tumours, but that is not a US label indication. Main risks are gallstones, glucose disturbances, slow heart rate, thyroid effects, fatty stools and lower vitamin B12. No boxed warning.

LY2452473, LY-2452473, TT-701, TT701, OPK 88004

OPK-88004 is one small-molecule nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) that carried three code names across three companies (Eli Lilly's LY2452473, Transition Therapeutics' TT-701, OPKO Health's OPK-88004); it acts as an androgen-receptor agonist in muscle and bone but an antagonist in the prostate. It is not a peptide and not a steroid. It is not an approved medicine anywhere and development stalled at Phase 2.

Hypocretin-1

Orexin-A, also called hypocretin-1, is a neuropeptide that activates orexin receptors. Small human studies have examined smell, sleep, attention and nerve activity. These findings do not establish general cognitive benefit or long-term safety. Editorial review pending.

Orexin-B, also called hypocretin-2, is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide produced from the HCRT precursor.

LY3502970, LY-3502970, OWL833, Foundayo

Orforglipron is an oral non-peptide small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist. FDA approved the calcium-salt product Foundayo in April 2026 for long-term weight management in specified adults; the reviewed US label does not include a type 2 diabetes indication, and no EU central authorisation was found.

Enobosarm, MK-2866, MK2866, GTx-024, GTx024, S-22, Ostarine, Ostabolic

An orally active, nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) of the arylpropionamide class — NOT a peptide and NOT an approved medicine. Originally developed by GTx (later Oncternal, then licensed to Veru) and studied for muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and androgen-receptor-positive breast cancer. Its Phase 3 POWER1/POWER2 trials in non-small-cell-lung-cancer muscle wasting missed their co-primary endpoints, and a Phase 2 stress-urinary-incontinence trial (ASTRID) failed. Enobosarm has reached Phase 3 in AR+/ER+ breast cancer but is not approved anywhere. On the grey market it is the most-sold SARM and the single most common supplement-contamination culprit; documented harms include drug-induced liver injury and testosterone/HPTA suppression.

EDL peptide, Glu-Asp-Leu, Glutamyl-aspartyl-leucine, L-Glutamyl-L-aspartyl-L-leucine, Ovagen bioregulator

A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Leu, "EDL") from the Khavinson "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed for liver, gastrointestinal-mucosal and immune "support" via a proposed peptide–gene-expression mechanism. The chemistry is verifiable in PubChem, but the biological evidence is limited, older, largely Russian and preclinical, with no verifiable human trials. Not approved for human use.

Pitocin (brand), Syntocinon (brand), OT, OXT

An endogenous nonapeptide hormone made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Synthetic oxytocin (Pitocin, Syntocinon) is an FDA- and EU-approved obstetric medicine for labor induction/augmentation and control of postpartum bleeding; its widely publicized roles in social bonding, trust and autism are an active but mixed and investigational research area.

P-21, P21, Peptide 021

P021 is an engineered CNTF-derived tetrapeptide-core compound with a terminal adamantylated-glycine modification. Published evidence remains preclinical, no human intervention study was identified, and recent records include a mixed 2024 animal result, a 2026 corrigendum and a retraction in the related CNTF-peptide research line.

PACAP is an endogenous signaling peptide with two major active forms, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38.

KEDW, KEDW-NH2 (amidated form), Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp, Pancragene (alt. transliteration), Pancreas peptide bioregulator

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp / KEDW) from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed as a pancreas-targeting bioregulator for glucose/insulin metabolism and aging. The evidence base is small, older, mostly Russian, and overwhelmingly preclinical (diabetic rats, aged monkeys, cell cultures), with a single small unreplicated human study. Not approved for human use.

PE 22-28, Mini-spadin, Spadin analog (PE 22-28)

PE-22-28 ("mini-spadin") is a synthetic seven-amino-acid peptide (GVSWGLR) corresponding to positions 22–28 of spadin, a fragment of the sortilin propeptide. It inhibits the TREK-1 potassium channel in cell and rodent studies from a single French research group. No human administration study, clinical trial or regulatory approval exists. It is not a galanin fragment and not a BDNF peptide.

PEGylated Mechano Growth Factor, PEGylated MGF

PEG-MGF is sold as a PEGylated form of the synthetic MGF E-peptide. There is no peer-reviewed primary literature on PEG-MGF — in humans, animals or the laboratory. The only technical description is patent WO2006097764A1. Vendor half-life and efficacy claims have no published support. It is not approved anywhere and is covered by WADA S2.3.

ALT-801 (Altimmune development code), MD-1373, SP-1373

Pemvidutide is an investigational 29-residue, lipid-modified peptide that agonizes both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Randomized human studies report liver-fat and MASH-resolution effects, but the 24-week IMPACT trial did not meet its co-primary fibrosis-improvement endpoint.

PDA, BPC-157 Arginate, Arg-BPC, Stable BPC-157, Pentadeca Arginate, Bepecin di-L-arginine

Pentadeca-arginate (PDA) is a trade and patent name for the same 15-amino-acid BPC-157 sequence delivered as an arginine salt (preferably di-L-arginine in US9850282B2). Peer-reviewed evidence for the arginate salt itself is absent; preclinical literature describes the peptide sequence, and FDA's 2026 PCAC review covered free base and acetate — not arginate.

GHRP-2 & CJC-1295 Blend

Performance GH Stack is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

ZP8396, ZP-8396, RO7895515, GTPL13804, EX-A12430

Petrelintide is an investigational long-acting amylin analogue developed by Zealand Pharma (code ZP8396) and advanced with Roche (RO7895515). Peer-reviewed phase 1 data are published; phase 2 ZUPREME-1 has company topline results; phase 3 is recruiting. It is not approved.

PF-06260414, PF 06260414, PF06260414, 6-[(4R)-4-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-2-yl]isoquinoline-1-carbonitrile

A nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) — a small synthetic molecule (thiadiazinane-substituted isoquinoline-carbonitrile, C14H14N4O2S, CAS 1612755-71-1, PubChem CID 76071881), NOT a peptide — developed by Pfizer. It reached a single completed Phase 1 first-in-human study in healthy men (NCT02070939; Bhattacharya et al., Clin Ther 2016, PMID 27085586) and shows no public development beyond Phase 1. It is NOT an approved medicine for any use, including muscle growth, physique, or performance.

Kidney Bioregulator

Pielotax is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

EDR, EDR peptide, Glu-Asp-Arg, Cortagen-family cytogen

A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg, "EDR") from Vladimir Khavinson's St. Petersburg school of short peptide bioregulators, marketed with a nootropic/neuroprotective framing. Its chemistry is well defined, but efficacy claims rest on cell, rodent, and limited, older, single-group human data with no independent replication. Not approved by the FDA or EMA for any use.

Symlin, SymlinPen, Pramlintide acetate

Pramlintide (Symlin/SymlinPen) is the only FDA-approved amylin analogue (2005) — a short-acting preprandial subcutaneous adjunct to mealtime insulin in selected adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There is no EMA central marketing authorisation. It is the approved legacy anchor for the newer long-acting amylin-pathway pipeline (cagrilintide, eloralintide, petrelintide, zenagamtide).

F3acetyl Tripeptide-2

Progeline is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

KEDP, Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro, H-Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro-OH, Prostate peptide bioregulator, Khavinson prostate peptide

A synthetic short-chain tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro, KEDP) of the Khavinson "peptide bioregulator" class, marketed as a "prostate bioregulator." Its chemistry is well defined in PubChem, but its published evidence is a small, older, mostly-Russian body of in-vitro chromatin/gerontology work — not prostate clinical trials. Not approved by the FDA or EMA; supplied in the West only as a research reagent.

4-PO-DMT

Psilocybin is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Bremelanotide, Vyleesi (brand), PT-141, PT 141

A synthetic cyclic-peptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that acts as a melanocortin receptor agonist (notably MC4R). Marketed as Vyleesi, it is FDA-approved (2019) for acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women, given as an as-needed subcutaneous injection.

Protein Transduction Domain-DBM

PTD-DBM is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

RAD-150, RAD 150, TLB-150, TLB150, TLB-150 Benzoate, TLB 150 Benzoate, RAD-140 benzoate, testolone benzoate

RAD150 (TLB-150) is the benzoate ester of RAD-140 (testolone) — a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) prodrug, NOT a peptide. It is designed so that endogenous esterases cleave the benzoate group in vivo to release the active AR modulator RAD-140, and it is sold on the grey research-chemical market as a "longer-lasting" RAD-140. There is NO peer-reviewed pharmacology or pharmacokinetic study of the ester itself, so its risk profile must be assumed to match RAD-140's documented drug-induced liver injury and testosterone suppression. It is NOT an approved medicine — it has never entered any registered clinical trial and is WADA-prohibited (S1.2).

Sirolimus, Rapamune, Fyarro (nab-sirolimus), Hyftor (topical sirolimus)

Rapamycin (INN sirolimus) is a macrolide — NOT a peptide — and an FDA- and EMA-approved prescription mTOR-inhibitor immunosuppressant. Approved uses are kidney-transplant rejection prophylaxis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (Rapamune), malignant PEComa (Fyarro, US) and facial angiofibroma in tuberous sclerosis complex (Hyftor). Use for ageing or longevity is off-label: lifespan extension is robust in mice, but human data are small, short trials, and the PEARL trial missed its primary endpoint.

LY3437943, Triple-G agonist, Triple-hormone-receptor agonist

An investigational once-weekly triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors developed by Eli Lilly and studied for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Not approved by any regulator.

The catalog labels RG-3 “Ginsenoside-Derived Neuro-Peptide”.

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7

Rigin is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

GTx S-1, S1 (arylpropionamide SARM), (2S)-3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanamide

An early preclinical nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) of the arylpropionamide class — a small molecule, NOT a peptide and NOT a steroid. Developed by James T. Dalton, Duane D. Miller and colleagues at the University of Tennessee / GTx, Inc., S-1 is a close structural analog of andarine (S-4) from the same patent series. In castrated rats it bound the androgen receptor with nanomolar affinity and showed tissue-selective anabolic activity (levator ani muscle over prostate) without significant LH/FSH suppression near its ED50. It was an early lead; the program ultimately advanced enobosarm (ostarine), not S-1. No human trials were identified. Not approved by any regulator anywhere; WADA-prohibited (S1.2).

S 101479, S101479

S-101479 is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) — a synthetic small molecule of the tetrahydro/pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline class, NOT a peptide and NOT a steroid. It was developed by KAKEN Pharmaceutical (Japan) and studied preclinically as a potential bone-anabolic treatment for osteoporosis. Its entire evidence base is preclinical (ovariectomized-rat models and in-vitro cell/molecular work); no human clinical trials could be found (0 trials). It is NOT an approved medicine anywhere.

Mastorin, S23, S 23

A nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) of the arylpropionamide class — a true SARM, NOT a peptide and NOT a steroid. Developed preclinically by GTx, Inc.; it never entered a clinical trial and has no approved medical use. In rats it binds the androgen receptor with very high affinity (Ki ~1.7 nM) and its defining preclinical finding is dose-dependent, fully reversible suppression of spermatogenesis to azoospermia — it was studied as a candidate reversible male contraceptive. There is no human safety, efficacy, or dosing data; WADA prohibits it by name (S1.2). Not an approved medicine anywhere (as of 2026-07-10).

S 40503, S40503

A nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed preclinically by Kaken Pharmaceutical (Japan) — a true SARM, NOT a peptide and NOT an anabolic steroid. It was studied only in rat models of osteoporosis, where its defining feature was a bone-first anabolic profile: in castrated male rats it raised femoral bone mineral density and levator-ani muscle mass like DHT while, notably, NOT increasing prostate weight, and in ovariectomized female rats it increased bone density and cortical-bone strength. It is often described as a lead/prototype compound to seed derivatives with better bioavailability rather than a drug candidate itself; there are no known human trials, no human safety or pharmacokinetic data, and it is WADA-prohibited (S1.2). Do NOT confuse it with andarine (S-4). It is NOT an approved medicine anywhere (as of 2026-07-10).

TP-7

A synthetic heptapeptide analog of the endogenous immunopeptide tuftsin, studied largely in Russian research for anxiolytic, nootropic, and immunomodulatory effects. Not approved by the FDA or EMA.

Ozempic (brand, type 2 diabetes), Wegovy (brand, weight management / MASH), Rybelsus (brand, oral, type 2 diabetes), NN9535, Semaglutide

A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and FDA/EMA-approved prescription medicine (brands Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) used for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, with proven cardiovascular benefit and a class profile of gastrointestinal side effects and a rodent thyroid C-cell tumor boxed warning.

ACTH(4-10) Pro-Gly-Pro analog, ACTH(4-7)PGP, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro

A synthetic heptapeptide derived from a fragment of ACTH, developed and registered in Russia and studied for nootropic and neuroprotective effects, with research most often linking it to BDNF signaling. Most evidence is Russian and not replicated in large Western trials.

GHRH (1-29), GRF 1-29, Geref (brand, discontinued), Geref Diagnostic (brand, discontinued), Sermorelin acetate

A synthetic 29-amino-acid peptide corresponding to the first 29 residues of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), the shortest fully active GHRH fragment. Formerly FDA-approved (brand Geref) as a diagnostic for growth hormone secretion and as a treatment for pediatric GH deficiency, it was discontinued in the United States around 2008 for commercial reasons and is now encountered mainly through compounding pharmacies.

Sermorelin / Ipamorelin stack, Sermorelin and Ipamorelin blend

Sermorelin + ipamorelin is a common compounding/vendor stack pairing GHRH(1-29) with a selective GHS-R1a agonist — not a new molecule. No controlled human combination study was identified. Sermorelin has historical US approval (Geref, discontinued); ipamorelin was never approved.

Imcivree, RM-493, BIM-22493, IRC-022493

Setmelanotide (Imcivree) is an FDA- and EMA-approved once-daily subcutaneous MC4R agonist for rare melanocortin-pathway obesity (POMC/PCSK1/LEPR deficiency, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, and acquired hypothalamic obesity). It is not indicated for general or polygenic obesity and is not the same as Melanotan II or PT-141.

Sigumir is a trade product in the Cytomax range.

SLU PP 332, SLUPP332, pan-ERR agonist SLU-PP-332

A synthetic small-molecule pan-agonist of the estrogen-related receptors (ERRα/β/γ), studied as an "exercise mimetic." It is NOT a peptide — it is a low-molecular-weight organic compound (benzamide/hydrazide class; PubChem CID 5338394, formula C18H14N2O2, MW ~290.3). In mice it activates an ERRα-dependent aerobic-exercise gene program, boosts endurance and fatty-acid oxidation, and reduces fat mass in obese models. Evidence is strictly preclinical (rodent and cell); there are no human trials and no regulatory approval by the FDA, EMA, or any major regulator.

Acetyl Octapeptide-3, Acetyl glutamyl heptapeptide-1, Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asp-NH2, Acetyl-EEMQRRAD-amide, SNAP-8 (trademark)

SNAP-8 (INCI Acetyl Octapeptide-3) is a synthetic, acetylated and amidated octapeptide marketed as a topical cosmetic "neuromodulating" ingredient and sold as a research reagent. Its identity and sequence are well documented, but its anti-wrinkle efficacy claims come from manufacturer literature rather than independent trials. Not an approved drug.

Polyamine Autophagy Inducer

Spermidine is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Rev-ErbA agonist SR9011, REV-ERB agonist SR9011, SR-9011

A synthetic agonist of the Rev-ErbA (REV-ERBα/β) circadian-clock and metabolic nuclear receptors — NOT a SARM and NOT a peptide — and the N-pentyl sister compound of SR9009 (stenabolic) from the same 2012 Scripps discovery program. Its "fat-loss/endurance" reputation rests entirely on rodent and cell studies, it has poor drug-like properties and documented off-target effects, and there are no human trials. Not approved for human use by any regulator; sold only as a research chemical.

Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia, SS-31 peptide

A synthetic, mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (also called elamipretide) that concentrates on the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds the phospholipid cardiolipin, helping stabilize cristae structure and improve electron-transport efficiency. It has been studied in numerous human trials; in 2025 the elamipretide hydrochloride form received FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome, while several other trials missed their primary endpoints.

Stomach Mucosa Bioregulator

Stamakort is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

SR9009, SR-9009, Stenabolic

A synthetic agonist of the Rev-ErbA (REV-ERBα/β) heme-binding circadian nuclear receptors — NOT a SARM and NOT a peptide — created in an academic lab (Scripps) as a tool compound to probe circadian and metabolic biology. Its "exercise in a bottle" reputation rests on a single 2012 mouse study using injections, and is undercut by essentially no oral bioavailability and documented off-target effects. Not approved for human use by any regulator; sold only as a research chemical.

Suprefort is a trade product in the Cytomax range.

BI 456906, BI-456906

Survodutide is an investigational, lipid-modified 29-residue peptide that agonizes the glucagon and GLP-1 receptors. Phase 3 trials report weight and MRI-measured liver-fat effects, while biopsy evidence supports MASH improvement without establishing fibrosis reversal.

Liver Bioregulator

Svetinorm is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide

Syn-Ake is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

SYN-COLL is a trade name in a cosmetic peptide ingredient family.

RG3 + Vitamin B12 Blend

Synapsin is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Cialis, Adcirca

Tadalafil is a prescription PDE5 inhibitor—not a peptide—with regulator-approved uses for erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia and, under separate products, pulmonary arterial hypertension. Its long half-life and established efficacy sit beside important cardiovascular interactions, especially an absolute contraindication with nitrates or riociguat.

Bronchial Mucosa Bioregulator

Taxorest is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

TB500, Thymosin beta-4 fragment (17-23), Ac-LKKTETQ, Thymosin β4 actin-binding fragment

A synthetic peptide marketed as a fragment of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4). Analytical work identifies the material sold as "TB-500" as the N-terminal acetylated 17–23 fragment of Tβ4 (Ac-LKKTETQ), the protein's actin-binding motif. Most biological evidence describes full-length Tβ4 in animals and cell culture, not the TB-500 fragment, and there are no human clinical trials of TB-500 itself. It is not approved for human use and is prohibited in sport.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-40

Telangyn is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Micardis

Telmisartan is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

PTH(1-34), rhPTH(1-34), recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34), Forteo, Forsteo, Bonsity, parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34

Recombinant human parathyroid hormone fragment PTH(1-34), the first anabolic (bone-forming) osteoporosis medicine and a PTH1 receptor agonist. FDA-approved November 2002 (Forteo/Forsteo; EMA June 2003; follow-on Bonsity 2019).

Egrifta (brand), Egrifta SV (brand), Egrifta WR (brand), TH9507, Tesamorelin acetate

A stabilized synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-44), FDA-approved (brand Egrifta) to reduce excess visceral abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy by stimulating endogenous growth hormone release.

NS2330, NS 2330

Tesofensine (NS2330) is a small-molecule phenyltropane — NOT a peptide — that blocks the reuptake of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin. It failed as a Parkinson's and Alzheimer's drug and was then studied for obesity. Human weight-loss data come mainly from one phase 2 trial whose publication carries an expression of concern, plus a small trial of the tesofensine–metoprolol combination (Tesomet). It is not approved anywhere: as of August 2026 the sponsor reports that the Mexican application is still under review.

KEDG, Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly, H-Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH, lysyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly, "KEDG") from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed toward testicular/testosterone and thyroid "support." The honest evidence is thin, older, and mostly Russian — the actual PubMed-indexed primary work is thyroid biology in hypophysectomised birds plus in-vitro DNA-binding data, with no published human clinical trials. Not approved for human use.

RAD-140, RAD140, Testolone, Vosilasarm, EP0062, EP-0062

A synthetic, orally active nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) — NOT a peptide — originally developed by Radius Health (as RAD140) and now advanced by Ellipses Pharma as vosilasarm (EP0062) for AR+/ER+/HER2- breast cancer. It reached Phase 1 in oncology and is in an ongoing Phase 1/2 trial (NCT05573126, NCT03088527). It is NOT an approved medicine. Its defining safety signal is the liver — the first-in-human RAD140 trial (n=22) reported treatment-emergent elevated AST in 59% and ALT in 46% of patients [NCT03088527], the reformulated vosilasarm Phase 1 saw transient Grade-3 ALT increases in about 20% [ASCO 2025, JCO 43:16_suppl:1057], and multiple published case reports link grey-market RAD-140 to drug-induced liver injury — the strongest DILI signal among the common SARMs. WADA-prohibited (S1.2).

Testicular Bioregulator

Testoluten is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

PubChem CID 10277123, HY-103246, CS-0026116, (1S,3aS,3bS,5aR,9aR,9bS,11aS)-6,9a,11a-trimethyl-7-oxo-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,5a,9b,10,11-decahydro-1H-indeno[5,4-f]quinoline-1-carboxamide

A preclinical, STEROIDAL selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) — specifically a 4-azasteroid — that is NOT a peptide and NOT one of the familiar nonsteroidal arylpropionamide SARMs (e.g. ostarine, RAD140). Described by Merck medicinal chemists (Schmidt et al., J Biol Chem 2009; PMID 19846549) as a dual mechanistic agent: a partial agonist of the androgen receptor (AR binding IC50 ~30-38 nM; Emax ~55%) that also inhibits both 5α-reductase type I and type II (IC50 ~2 and ~3 nM). In its AR N-terminal/C-terminal (N/C) interaction assay it behaves as an antagonist, which is thought to underlie its gene- and tissue-selective profile. In ovariectomized rats it built bone and muscle comparable to DHT while only weakly stimulating prostate growth, stimulating sebaceous glands only ~31% as much as DHT, and partially antagonizing DHT-driven seminal-vesicle growth. It is a research-reagent / probe compound with NO human trial or human safety data of any kind; a structurally related successor (MK-0773) was advanced further by Merck. WADA-prohibited (S1.2). It is NOT an approved medicine anywhere (as of 2026-07-10).

Wolverine, Wolverine peptide blend, BPC-157 & TB-500 blend

Wolverine blend is a commercial catalog name for a two-peptide mixture of BPC-157 and TB-500 — not a new molecule. No controlled human combination study was identified. The only located preclinical combination study (rat Achilles model, PMID 42542926) found no additive benefit versus monotherapy.

Thymic Humoral Factor Gamma-2

THF-γ2 is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Thymus extract, Thymic peptide preparation, Thymalinum

A polypeptide complex isolated from calf (bovine) thymus by mild acid extraction, developed in the Soviet Union and Russia and associated with Vladimir Khavinson's peptide-bioregulator school. Registered in Russia as an immunomodulator ("immunocorrector") and studied in immune dysfunction, infections, sepsis, and longevity. It is a mixture rather than a single peptide, is not FDA- or EMA-approved, and most of its clinical evidence comes from a single research group with limited independent replication.

Glutamyl-tryptophan, Glu-Trp, L-Glu-L-Trp, Oglufanide, Oglufanide sodium, Thymagen, H-Glu-Trp-OH, EW

Thymogen is the monosodium salt of the synthetic dipeptide L-alpha-glutamyl-L-tryptophan (Glu-Trp; free acid = oglufanide, CAS 38101-59-6, C16H19N3O5, MW 333.34, PubChem CID 100094). Developed in the Soviet Union/Russia as a short-peptide immunomodulator related to the thymic extract Thymalin, it is a registered pharmaceutical in Russia but is not approved by the FDA or EMA. In the West the same molecule (oglufanide) held US IND status and received FDA Orphan Drug designation for ovarian cancer (Sept 2001) and was studied for cancer and chronic hepatitis C, but no marketing approval resulted. The evidence picture is genuinely mixed — a Russian registration and older/preclinical mechanism papers on one side, no completed Western approval and mostly animal/in-vitro data on the other.

Thymic Pentapeptide

Thymopentin (TP-5) is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Tα1, Thymalfasin, Zadaxin

A synthetic 28-amino-acid peptide identical to a fragment of prothymosin alpha, originally isolated from thymus tissue, that acts as an immunomodulator by promoting T-cell maturation, modulating dendritic cells, and signaling through Toll-like receptors. Marketed as Zadaxin (thymalfasin), it is approved in roughly 30 to 35 countries for chronic hepatitis B and as an immune adjunct in cancer and infection, but it is not approved by the U.S. FDA or the European Medicines Agency. Evidence quality varies widely by indication.

Tβ4, TB4, RGN-259, RGN-352

A naturally occurring 43-amino-acid actin-sequestering peptide that is among the most abundant intracellular peptides in mammalian cells, with studied roles in cell migration, angiogenesis, wound healing, and corneal and cardiac repair. It has been developed as the investigational drug candidates RGN-259 (ophthalmic) and RGN-352 (systemic injectable) in small, early-stage human trials, none of which has yielded an approved product. It is distinct from the marketed fragment TB-500 (Ac-LKKTETQ) and is prohibited in sport.

Thymuline, Serum Thymic Factor (FTS-Zn), FTS (facteur thymique sérique), Zn-FTS, Nonathymulin

Thymulin is an endogenous nine-amino-acid peptide from the thymic epithelium that is biologically active only when bound to zinc. Human treatment data are small and old (1982–1989): a three-patient case series, two placebo-controlled rheumatoid arthritis trials with positive results and a negative multiple sclerosis pilot. No modern clinical trial and no approval were identified; most later research is in animals and cells.

Thyroid Bioregulator

Thyreogen is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Mounjaro (brand), Zepbound (brand), LY3298176, GIP/GLP-1 dual agonist

A once-weekly dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. It is an FDA- and EMA-approved prescription medicine, marketed as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and Zepbound for chronic weight management and obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity.

Trelstar, Triptodur, Pamorelin, Gonapeptyl, Gonapeptyl Depot, Decapeptyl, Triptorelin pamoate (embonate), Triptorelin acetate

Triptorelin is a synthetic GnRH agonist decapeptide (D-Trp6). In the US it is approved for advanced prostate cancer (Trelstar, 2000) and for central precocious puberty in children aged 2 years and older (Triptodur, 2017). In Sweden and other European countries it is nationally authorised for further uses, including endometriosis, early hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer in premenopausal women, precocious puberty and pituitary down-regulation in assisted reproduction (Pamorelin, Gonapeptyl). After an initial hormone flare it suppresses sex hormones; its risks follow from that hormone deprivation. No boxed warning.

Lazaroid 21-Aminosteroid

U-74389G is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

UBT251 (Triple Agonist)

UBT251 is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

BPC-157, TB-500, Thymosin Alpha-1

Ultimate Recovery Stack is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-2

Uplevity is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

UA, 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-one, Mitopure (brand name for a defined synthetic ingredient)

Urolithin A is a gut-microbiota-derived small molecule, not a peptide. Small randomized human trials report mitochondrial, muscle and immune signals, but two central performance trials did not meet their primary efficacy endpoints.

Ventfort is a trade product in the Cytomax range.

Vesilut, Glu-Asp (claimed), ED dipeptide (claimed), L-alpha-Glutamyl-L-aspartic acid (claimed identity)

"Vesilute" is a trade/market name used by research-peptide vendors, not a compound with standing in any primary scientific or regulatory source. It has zero hits in PubMed, PubMed Central, and cosmetic/regulatory databases, and "Vesilute" is not listed among the synonyms of the Glu-Asp dipeptide that vendors claim it to be. All efficacy claims come from marketing pages, not clinical data. Not approved for human use anywhere.

Vesugen is identified as the synthetic tripeptide Lys-Glu-Asp in a primary cell-culture paper.

Lys-Glu, KE dipeptide, L-Lysyl-L-Glutamic acid, Lysylglutamic acid, Peptide Vilon, Normophthal, AB-17, H-Lys-Glu-OH

A synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu, the "KE dipeptide") from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, framed as an immunomodulator and geroprotector. Evidence is limited and mostly preclinical (mouse and cell-culture), from a single research lineage with no independent Western replication. Not approved for human use.

Nerve Tissue Bioregulator

Vincerten is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Aviptadil, RLF-100, Zyesami, Invicorp (aviptadil/phentolamine)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid endogenous neuropeptide; aviptadil is its INN as a synthetic drug substance with the same sequence. Its only verified marketing authorisations are as a fixed combination with phentolamine mesilate (Invicorp) for intracavernosal treatment of erectile dysfunction in Sweden and the UK. It is not FDA- or EMA-approved for any indication; NRx announced that FDA declined emergency use authorisation for COVID-19 respiratory failure, and the largest COVID-19 RCT (TESICO) was negative.

Eye/Retina Bioregulator

Visoluten is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

Viking VK2735, Viking dual GLP-1/GIP agonist

VK2735 is Viking Therapeutics' investigational unimolecular GLP-1/GIP dual agonist peptide, developed in subcutaneous (once-weekly) and oral formulations. Peer-reviewed phase 2 subcutaneous VENTURE data are published; oral phase 2 and phase 3 VANQUISH programmes are pipeline/topline. It is not approved and has no PubChem CID.

Thymus Bioregulator

Vladonix is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.

YK11, YK 11, Myostine, (17α,20E)-17,20-[(1-methoxyethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxo-19-norpregna-4,20-diene-21-carboxylic acid methyl ester

A synthetic steroid — derived from 19-norprogesterone and structurally a gene-modified DHT-type steroid — that is marketed and even WADA-listed as a "SARM," but is mechanistically neither a peptide nor a classic nonsteroidal SARM. It acts as a partial agonist of the androgen receptor, and its muscle-building signal is driven chiefly by inducing follistatin in muscle cells, which indirectly suppresses myostatin (it does NOT bind or inhibit myostatin directly). It is NOT an approved medicine — all efficacy data are in vitro (C2C12 myoblasts) or animal, and it should be framed strictly as a research reagent.

Amycretin, NNC0487-0111, NN9487, NN 9487

Zenagamtide is the INN for Novo Nordisk's investigational unimolecular agonist of GLP-1, amylin, and calcitonin receptors — formerly called amycretin (NNC0487-0111). Peer-reviewed Lancet obesity proof-of-concept and phase 2 type 2 diabetes data (oral and subcutaneous) are published; large AMAZE/AMBITION phase 3 programmes are recruiting. Not approved; no PubChem CID.

Ovarian Bioregulator

Zhenoluten is included for complete PeptideGuide catalog coverage. Identity, evidence, regulatory status and safety claims are awaiting independent verification.