Healing & Recovery

Body Protection Compound-157, Bepecin, PL 14736, PLD-116

A synthetic pentadecapeptide whose sequence derives from a protein found in human gastric juice, studied almost entirely in animal models for tissue repair, tendon and ligament healing, gastrointestinal protection, and angiogenesis. It is not approved for human use, and rigorous human trial data are essentially absent.

AEDL, Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu, H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu-OH, Bronchogen (Khavinson bronchial bioregulator), lung peptide bioregulator

A synthetic short tetrapeptide from Vladimir Khavinson's "peptide bioregulator" (cytogen) family, marketed toward bronchial/respiratory tissue research. It has no published human clinical trials, is sold only as a research reagent, and is not an approved medicine anywhere confirmed in the sources found. Not approved for human use.

AEDR, Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg, H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg-OH, Cardiogen peptide

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg, "AEDR") from the Khavinson school of short "peptide bioregulators," marketed as a heart/myocardium-targeted compound. Its chemistry is verifiable, but supporting evidence is limited to in-vitro binding assays and a hypothesis-level gene-regulation model; cardiac-efficacy claims are unverified and there is no confirmed human data. Not approved for human use anywhere.

AED, Ala-Glu-Asp, L-Alanyl-L-glutamyl-L-aspartic acid, Alanyl-glutamyl-aspartic acid, H-Ala-Glu-Asp-OH, T-31 peptide, PubChem CID 87815447

A synthetic tripeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp, "AED") from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed toward cartilage and connective-tissue "repair." The verifiable evidence is thin, old and preclinical — a single in-vitro gene-expression study, no animal joint-disease trial and no human data. Not approved for human use.

EDG, Glu-Asp-Gly tripeptide, T-34 tripeptide, Glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine, H-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH, Lung/bronchial mucosa bioregulator

A synthetic tripeptide, Glu-Asp-Gly (EDG), from Vladimir Khavinson's "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed for bronchial/lung tissue support. Chemistry is well-defined (PubChem CID 194641; CAS 75007-24-8; C11H17N3O8; MW 319.27), but the biological evidence is thin — one in-vitro study plus uncontrolled, unreplicated Russian clinical claims. Not approved for human use.

ARA-290, ARA 290, ARA290, pHBSP, PHBSP

Cibinetide (ARA-290) is an investigational 11-amino-acid erythropoietin-derived peptide studied mainly in small-fiber neuropathy; short human trials produced mixed symptom and nerve-fiber signals without establishing an approved treatment.

BMP-11, Bone morphogenetic protein 11, Growth/differentiation factor 11, GDF11

GDF-11 (BMP-11) is an endogenous TGF-β/BMP-family protein closely related to myostatin (GDF-8). Early 2013–2014 circulating-decline and rejuvenation claims rested on assays that cross-react with GDF-8; later work contested those measurements. There is no approved GDF-11 medicine and no controlled human rejuvenation RCT.

Lys-Pro-Val, α-MSH(11-13), KPV tripeptide

A tripeptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of α-MSH (residues 11–13), studied in vitro and in animal models for anti-inflammatory activity in intestinal and dermal inflammation. Not approved for human use.

Larazotide, AT-1001

Larazotide acetate is an oral, locally acting octapeptide investigated for celiac disease and other barrier-related conditions; phase 2 findings were mixed, and the celiac phase 3 trial was terminated after an interim analysis did not support continuation.

EDL peptide, Glu-Asp-Leu, Glutamyl-aspartyl-leucine, L-Glutamyl-L-aspartyl-L-leucine, Ovagen bioregulator

A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Leu, "EDL") from the Khavinson "short peptide bioregulator" school, marketed for liver, gastrointestinal-mucosal and immune "support" via a proposed peptide–gene-expression mechanism. The chemistry is verifiable in PubChem, but the biological evidence is limited, older, largely Russian and preclinical, with no verifiable human trials. Not approved for human use.

PDA, BPC-157 Arginate, Arg-BPC, Stable BPC-157, Pentadeca Arginate, Bepecin di-L-arginine

Pentadeca-arginate (PDA) is a trade and patent name for the same 15-amino-acid BPC-157 sequence delivered as an arginine salt (preferably di-L-arginine in US9850282B2). Peer-reviewed evidence for the arginate salt itself is absent; preclinical literature describes the peptide sequence, and FDA's 2026 PCAC review covered free base and acetate — not arginate.

TB500, Thymosin beta-4 fragment (17-23), Ac-LKKTETQ, Thymosin β4 actin-binding fragment

A synthetic peptide marketed as a fragment of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4). Analytical work identifies the material sold as "TB-500" as the N-terminal acetylated 17–23 fragment of Tβ4 (Ac-LKKTETQ), the protein's actin-binding motif. Most biological evidence describes full-length Tβ4 in animals and cell culture, not the TB-500 fragment, and there are no human clinical trials of TB-500 itself. It is not approved for human use and is prohibited in sport.

Tβ4, TB4, RGN-259, RGN-352

A naturally occurring 43-amino-acid actin-sequestering peptide that is among the most abundant intracellular peptides in mammalian cells, with studied roles in cell migration, angiogenesis, wound healing, and corneal and cardiac repair. It has been developed as the investigational drug candidates RGN-259 (ophthalmic) and RGN-352 (systemic injectable) in small, early-stage human trials, none of which has yielded an approved product. It is distinct from the marketed fragment TB-500 (Ac-LKKTETQ) and is prohibited in sport.